226 THE CLAYS OF ARKANSAS. 
Section of well near Pangburn post-office. 
Feet. 
Brick clay 16 
Hard sandstone 4 
Black shale 70 
Hard blue sandstone 4 
The western part of White County is mountainous, and on the 
highest elevations the brick clays, although not altogether wanting, 
are not so thick or abundant as in the lower lands. 
TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY CLAYS. 
From Cypress Bayou to Bradford the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and 
Southern Railway runs through White County just east of the line 
of junction between the Carboniferous hills on the west and the 
Tertiary and Quaternary deposits of the lower flat country to the 
east. This line divides the county into two sections which differ 
widely from each other in geologic age and in character. The clays of 
the two areas also differ more or less. Those of the hilly region are 
derived directly from shales by decomposition. The clays in the 
lowlands and valleys are the products of the erosion of the higher 
points, while the clays of the lowlands farther east are often horizon- 
tally stratified. Good brick clays are abundant in various parts of 
White County, especially along the line of the St. Louis, Iron Moun- 
tain and Southern Railway. 
The Tertiary and Quaternary clays along the Iron Mountain Rail- 
way are, according to Mr. Kennedy, made up of two divisions. The 
upper division is a brownish-yellow sandy clay of very nearly the 
same texture throughout. In places it has a greater proportion of 
clay; in others it is nearly a sandy loam, while in still others it is a 
clean sand. It varies also in color from a brownish yellow to dark 
orange, or even red. 
The second or underlying division is usually a dark-bluish clay, 
somewhat brownish when damp and weathering almost white when 
dry and exposed for some time. In some places this clay is of a 
reddish color, owing to the presence of a greater quantity of iron. 
Although this lower bed is somewhat lighter in places, it does not 
materially vary in texture or composition, and wherever found in 
the region as red, white, or blue clay it is essentially the same mate- 
rial, has the same qualities, and is available for the same uses. In 
comparing the well records in the district these variations in color 
have to be taken into consideration, for observers may report the 
same beds as having different colors. 
These two deposits vary considerably in thickness in different 
parts of the county. The underlying bluish-white clay is persistent 
over the whole area, but the brownish-yellow clay, overlying the 
