CHARACTER OF (OAT.. 47 
upper bed contains more moisture and ash and less carbon than the 
lower coal, and that the lower coal has a greater efficiency as ex- 
pressed by the calorific values. Judged by the analyses, the sample 
of coal showing the best results is the one from Horse Canyon, Utah, 
which, with 6.25 per cent of ash, gave an efficiency of 13,419 -British 
thermal units, while the best results obtained in the eastern end of the 
field were from the lower coal near the mouth of the Hogback Canyon 
of Grand River, which, with 6.09 per cent of ash, showed an efficiency 
of 12,723 British thermal units. 
An important difference is in the coking quality of these coals. 
The coal from Sunnyside, Utah, produces a coke of good grade, 
whereas thus far coals from the vicinity of Grand Junction yield 
such a low-grade product that they are classed as noncoking. Between 
these ext re me locations, one at the eastern end of the area examined 
and the other beyond the western limit, no coking tests have been 
made; and it remains to be determined what coals, if any, in the east- 
ern part of the Book Cliffs field will coke. 
Comparison with analyses of other coals examined at the Govern- 
ment fuel-testing plant shows that the coals from the eastern pari of 
the Book Cliffs field rank favorably with the product of other fields in 
the Rocky Mountain region and the Mississippi Valley. The Book 
Cliffs coals are classed as medium-grade bituminous. 
MARKET AND USE. 
The part of the Book Cliffs field under consideration is situated 
between areas where coal of similar quality and greater thickness is 
already being developed. The mines in the vicinity of Newcastle, to 
the east, and those about Castlegate, to the west, are more favorably 
situated for the large markets than is the eastern part of the Book 
Cliffs field. However, because of the proximity of the Denver and 
Rio Grande Railroad, it probably will not be long before this great 
reserve of coal will be more actively developed. Denver and Pueblo, 
Salt Lake City, and the Pacific coast are likely to be the most im- 
portant outside markets, and there will be a growing local demand 
in connection with the increase of population and the development 
of Colorado and Utah mines. At present the local market is the 
only outlet. 
There are only four mines with railroad connect ion in the field bere 
discussed, and practically their entire product is used by the towns 
of Grand Junction, Palisades, and Fruita, and by the Uintah Rail- 
way. These mines are the Cameo (No. 1), Palisade (No. 6), Book 
Cliff (No. 10), and Carbonera (No. 25). At Grand Junction, besides 
a considerable amount of coal used for domestic purposes and for 
the gas and electric light plants, a sugar-beet factory and a smelter 
use coal from the Book Cliffs field. The other mines are worked 
