LAKE    SUPERIOR   REGION.  205 
i-kie  at  many  places,  the  Pewabic  quartzite,  the  Keewatin  rocks  north 
of  Gunflint  Lake,  and  the  syenite  gneiss  north  of  Flying  Cloud  Lake. 
In  passing  from  Gunflint  Lake  the  Animikie  is  found  to  have  a 
dip  as  high  as  30°.  Near  Gobbemichigomog  Lake  there  is  a  grada- 
tion from  the  flat-lying  Animikie  to  rocks  in  a  broken  and  tilted  con- 
dition, and  from  these  into  the  Ogishki  Manissi  conglomerate,  with 
which  they  are  interstratified.  There  is  also  extending  from  Stuntz 
Island  in  Vermilion  Lake  past  Ely  to  near  Ogishki  Manissi  Lake  an 
older  schistose  eruptive-looking  conglomerate  associated  with  the  Kee- 
watin schists,  and  therefore  older  than  the'  Ogishki  conglomerate. 
The  beds  on  the  north  side  of  Gunflint  Lake  resemble  those  on  the 
south  side  of  the  Giants  range  and  belong  in  the  same  stratigraphic 
position  near  the  base  of  the  Animikie.  The  gneiss  is  regarded  as  a 
metamorphosed  sediment,  because  of  the  gradation  of  the  Keewatin 
beds  into  it,  and  because  it  cuts  through  and  is  interstratified  with 
the  Keewatin.  The  Keewatin  schists  are  interstratified  eruptives  and 
sedimentaries,  as  is  the  Cupriferous  series.  On  Kekekabik  Lake  there 
is  an  extension  of  the  Ogishki  Manissi  conglomerate  westward.  The 
green  schist  conglomerates  here  found  are  apparently  of  about  the 
same  date  as  the  Ogishki  conglomerate  or  else  its  immediate  con- 
formable successor.  The  Animikie  slates  associated  with  this  green 
schist  conglomerate  are  also  in  conformable  succession  to  the  green 
schists,  but  it  ic  likely  that  this  conformity  would  not  be  found  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  old  volcanic  vents. 
Winchell  (Alexander),158  in  1888,  finds  upon  Wonder  Island,  in 
Saganaga  Lake,  a  conglomerate  which  contains  abundant  rounded 
pebbles  in  a  groundmass  of  syenite.  The  loAver  limit  of  the  conglom- 
erate is  rather  abrupt,  and  whether  it  overlies  the  syenite  or  grades 
into  it  is  uncertain,  but  it  is  figured  as  overlying  the  syenite.  The 
syenite  is  regarded  as  erupted  after  the  conglomerate  existed  and  the 
conglomerate  was  not  laid  down  on  the  solidified  syenite.  The  Anim- 
ikie slates  are  found  resting  uneonformably  upon  vertical  schists, 
gneisses,  and  syenites  at  several  points  on  Gunflint  Lake,  2  miles  west 
of  Gunflint  Lake,  and  on  the  north  side  of  Epsilon  Lake.  On  the 
west  side  of  Sea  Gull  Lake  the  conglomerate  and  syenite  are  inter- 
bedded.  This  conglomerate  is  thought  to  be  comparable  with  that  of 
Wonder  Island.  On  the  north  side  of  the  same  lake  the  syenite 
contains  sharply  limited  rounded  pebbles  and  irregular  masses  of 
hornblendic  and  diabasic  material.  On  Epsilon  Lake  the  argillite 
has  schistic  planes  standing  vertical,  while  the  bedded  structure  has 
a  dip  of  only  23°. 
Summing  up  the  succession:  At  the  base  are  the  granitoid  and 
gneissoid  rocks  in  three  areas,  the  Basswood,  White  Iron,  and  Saga- 
naga lakes.  These  granitic  masses  everywhere  have  a  bedded  struc- 
ture more  or  less  distinct.     They   are  traversed   by   quartzose  and 
