CHAPTER  VII. 
NEW    BRUNSWICK,    NOVA    SCOTIA,    NEWFOUNDLAND, 
AND  GASPE  PENINSULA. 
SECTION  1.     NEW  BRUNSWICK. 
SUMMARY    OF   LITERATURE. 
SOUTHERN     NEW     BRUNSWICK. 
Gesner,1  in  1839,  gives  many  details  as  to  particular  localities  in 
southern  New  Brunswick.  The  succession  of  rocks  below  the  Old 
Red  sandstone  is  argillaceous  slate  and  granite.  The  volcanic  rocks 
of  the  Bay  of  Fundy  are  of  different  ages. 
Gesner,2  in  1840,  gives  a  continuation  of  his  study  of  the  previous 
year. 
Gesner,3  in  1841,  describes  the  geology  of  the  county  of  St.  John 
more  fully  than  in  previous  reports.  The  syenites  occupy  a  large 
area,  and  against  these  lean  the  slates,  graywackes,  and  limestones 
parallel  to  the  coast  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  but  there  is  a  group  of 
more  schistose  rocks  containing  no  organic  remains  which  dip  toward 
this  ridge.  These  latter  are  evidently  Primary,  while  the  gray- 
wackes and  graywacke  slates  are  Cambrian  or  Silurian.  It  is  cer- 
tain that  a  part  of  the  granitic  and  syenitic  rocks  which  have  been 
regarded  as  Primary  really  belong  to  a  later  age. 
Gesner,4  in  1842,  finds  that  the  graywackes  and  slates  provision- 
ally correlated  with  the  Cambrian  were  deposited  prior  to  the  eleva- 
tion of  the  granitic,  syenitic,  and  trappean  masses  upon  which  they 
rest,  as  they  are  fractured  in  all  directions  by  dikes  and  extensive 
elevations  of  those  rocks. 
.  Gesner,5  in  1843,  places  the  granite,  syenite,  trap,  and  serpentine  in 
the  unstratified  rocks.  To  the  Cambrian  system  are  referred  a  series 
of  graywackes  and  clay  slates  which  are  sometimes  conglomeratic. 
These  rocks  extend  from  the  American  boundary  nearly  to  Bathurst, 
and  in  them  organic  remains  occur. 
Johnston,0  in  1850,  in  a  report  on  the  Province  of  New  Brunswick, 
gives  a  map  by  Robb  in  which  the  crystalline  rocks  are  outlined  as 
granite,  gneiss,  mica  slate,  and  trap  rocks. 
Bailey,  Matthew,  and  Hartt,7  in  1865,  in  observations  on  the 
geology  of  southern  New  Brunswick,  give  a  resume  of  the  work  pre- 
viously done.     Of  the  fifteen  different  groups  of  rocks,  the  lowest 
490 
