NEW    BRUNSWICK,    NOVA    SCOTIA,    NEWFOUNDLAND,    ETC.       509 
series.  Volcanic  rocks,  both  basic  and  acidic,  and  varying  in  age  from 
pre-Cambrian  to  Devonian,  or  even  Carboniferous,  are  abundant. 
Faribault,01  in  1887,  reports  on  the  gold-bearing  area  of  southern 
Nova  Scotia.  These  rocks  occupy  0,000  or  7,000  square  miles.  They 
are  divided  into  a  granitic  division  and  a  lower  Cambrian  division. 
The  lower  Cambrian  rocks  include  quartzites,  clay  slates,  and  con- 
glomerates, and  are  estimated  to  have  a  thickness  of  15,000  feet. 
These  rocks,  always  greatly  altered,  are  much  more  so  when  cut  by 
masses  of  granite,  and  over  considerable  districts  have  been  rendered 
thoroughly  crystalline,  the  quartzites  passing  into  fine  gneissic  rocks, 
and  the  mica  slates  into  mica  schists.  Faribault,  following  Camp- 
bell, divides  them  into  a  lower  or  quartzite  group,  11,000  feet  thick, 
and  an  upper  or  graphitic  and  ferruginous  slate  group,  about  4,000 
feet  thick.  The  first  of  these,  while  in  the  main  quartzite,  is  inter- 
stratified  with  numerous  bands  of  slates  and  one  or  two  of  conglom- 
erate. The  Cambrian  rocks  are  greatly  disturbed  from  their  original 
horizontally,  being  folded  into  a  series  of  sharp  parallel  undulations. 
In  the  more  altered  portions  the  planes  of  bedding  are  not  easily 
distinguished  from  those  of  slaty  cleavage,  the  latter  often  being 
more  distinct.  The  rocks  are  referred  to  the  Cambrian  upon  the 
evidence  of  a  single  fossil,  Eophyton.  The  group  is  analogous  in 
some  respects  to  Lawson's  Lake  of  the  Woods  series.  The  granites 
cut  the  Cambrian  rocks  at  many  places,  and  at  times  are  associated 
with  gneisses.  At  the  edge  of  large  masses  the  granite  frequently 
passes  into  a  foliated  schistose  rock,  losing  its  crystalline  texture,  and 
itself  passing  insensibly  into  the  altered  sedimentary  rocks. 
Dawson  (Sir  William),02  in  1888,  places  the  isolated  rocks  of  St. 
Anns  Mountain  in  the  lower  Laurentian,  and  regards  it  as  probable 
that  rocks  of  this  kind  exist  in  the  northern  extremity  of  the  island. 
In  Nova  Scotia  proper  no  true  Laurentian  is  recognized,  the  rocks 
here  referred  by  other  observers  being  intrusive  granite  masses  of 
much  later  date  associated  with  altered  rocks. 
Bailey,63  in  1895,  gives  a  preliminary  report  upon  southwestern 
Nova  Scotia.  The  oldest  rocks  here  found  are  those  of  the  Cambrian 
system,  in  which  there  is  the  following  succession  from  the  base 
upward: 
1.  Quartzite  division: 
(a)  Heavily  bedded  bine  quartzites,  with  slightly  plumbaginous  partings, 
alternating  with  numerous  but  much  thinner  beds  of  gray  argil  lite. 
In  metamorphic  areas  the  quartzites  become  more  micaceous,  as- 
suming the  aspect  of  fine-grained  gneisses,  while  the  liner  beds  be- 
come glistening  mica  sebists. 
(b)  Greenish-gray  sandstones  or  quartzites,  less  massive  than  in   (a),  and 
alternating  with  slates  which  are  arenaceous  below  but  become  grad- 
ually more  argillaceous  above. 
