NEW    BRUNSWICK,    NOVA    SCOTIA,    NEWFOUNDLAND,    ETC.       511 
Intermediate  series  of  Newfoundland.  The  gold-bearing  series  is 
divided  into  two  well-defined  and  distinct  divisions — a  lower  or 
quartzite  group,  now  designated  by  the  name  Goldenville  division, 
and  an  upper  or  slate  group,  called  the  Halifax  division.  A  detailed 
structural  mapping  of  the  greater  part  of  the  area  covered  by  these 
rocks  on  a  scale  of  1  mile  to  the  inch  gives  a  thickness  of  about  3 
miles  to  the  lower  division  and  2  miles  to  the  upper;  total  thickness, 
more  than  5  miles. 
Matthew,00  in  1899,  discusses  the  Etcheminian  fauna  of  Cape 
Breton  and  places  it  beneath  the  Cambrian  of  that  locality. 
Matthew,67  in  1902,  finds  the  Etcheminian  terrane  of  Cape  Breton, 
previously  assigned  to  the  pre-Cambrian,  to  contain  Cambrian  fauna. 
The  volcanics,  into  which  the  series  grades  below  (correlated  with 
the  Coldbrook  of  New  Brunswick),  also  contain  slates  with  Cam- 
brian fossils,  and  hence  tins  series  of  volcanics  with  the  Etcheminian 
is  now  classed  with  the  Cambrian. 
Ells,08  in  1902,  summarizes  the  progress  of  geological  investigation 
in  Nova  Scotia. 
Fletcher,09  in  1903  and  1904,  gives  a  brief  preliminar}r  account 
of  surveys  and  explorations  in  Nova  Scotia. 
Woodman,70  in  1904,  proposes  to  give  to  the  gold-bearing  meta- 
morphic  series  of  Nova  Scotia  the  name  "  Meguma  series ;  "  to  the 
upper  or  slate  member,  the  name  "Halifax  formation;  "  and  to  the 
lower  or  quartzite  member,  the  name  "  Goldenville  formation."  He 
describes  in  detail  the  deposition  of  the  Meguma  series. 
Woodman,70  in  1908,  discusses  the  probable  age  of  the  Meguma 
(gold-bearing)  series  of  Nova  Scotia  and  concludes  it  to  be  pre-Cam- 
brian. The  fossils  described  for  the  series  are  partly  inorganic,  and 
such  as  may  be  organic  have  little  value  in  determining  the  age  of  the 
series.  Lithological  resemblances  are  held  to  have  little  value  in 
correlation.  The  bases  for  reference  to  the  pre-Cambrian  are  (1) 
strong  unconformity  between  these  rocks  and  the  overlying  Ordo- 
vician,  Silurian,  and  Devonian;  (2)  strong  evidence  of  folding  and 
doming  of  the  Meguma  series  and  the  development  of  interbedded 
veins  before  the  deposition  of  the  Ordovician;  (3)  the  great  thick- 
ness of  the  series,  which  is  four  times  as  great  as  any  of  the  Cambrian 
in  eastern  Canada  or  Newfoundland;  and  (4)  the  fact  that  the  in- 
trusives  in  the  Meguma  series  are  all  abyssal,  as  contrasted  with  the 
rhyolitic  and  basaltic  types  in  the  younger  rocks. 
SUMMARY   OF  PRESENT  KNOWLEDGE, 
SOUTHEASTERN    NOVA    SCOTIA. 
In  southeastern  Nova  Scotia  the  gold-bearing  series  occupies  8,500 
square  miles.  The  sedimentary  rocks,  covering  5.000  square  miles, 
which  are  estimated  to  have  a  thickness  of  26.100  feet,  consist  of 
