GKEAT   NOKTHERN    INTERIOR   OF    CANADA.  529 
Sutherland/8  in  1853,  describes  the  rocks  at  Cape  York  and  Cape 
Atholl,  latitude  7G°,  as  consisting  of  sandstones  interstratified  with 
volcanic  material.  On  the  east  coast  of  Baffin  Land,  from  Lancaster 
Sound  to  Cumberland  Sound,  are  crystalline  rocks  which  occupy  the 
whole  coast  southward  to  Cumberland  Strait 
Logan,19  in  1854,  describes  the  district  north  of  St.  Lawrence  Kiver, 
between  Montreal  and  Cape  Tourment,  below  Quebec.  To  the  meta- 
morphic  sediments  the  word  Laurentian  is  applied.  It  is  used  to 
cover  all  of  the  pref ossiliferous  rocks.  The  name  is  founded  on  that 
given  by  Garneau  to  the  chain  of  hills  which  the  Laurentian  series 
compose.  At  St.  Maurice  the  Potsdam  sandstone  rests  upon  the 
gneiss. 
Murchison,20  in  1857,  states  that  Cape  Granite,  in  the  Arctic  archi- 
pelago, is  composed  of  quartz,  feldspar,  and  chlorite,  and  that  with 
the  granite  is  associated  gneiss  of  the  same  composition. 
Kane,21  in  1857,  states  that  the  rocks  of  the  coast  between  Rensse- 
laer Harbor  and  the  great  Humboldt  Glacier  (in  Peabody  Bay)  are 
stratified  limestones,  sandstones,  feldspathic  and  porphyritic  granite 
passing  into  gneiss,  and  in  some  places  trap. 
Haughton,22  in  1857,  describes  granitic  rocks  as  composing  a  con- 
siderable part  of  North  Greenland,  on  the  north  side  of  Baffin  Bay, 
and  constituting  the  rock  of  the  country  at  the  east  side  of  the  island 
of  North  Devon.  Between  Capes  Osborne  and  Warrender  the  rocks 
are  graphic  granite,  which  passes  into  a  laminated  gneiss,  and  with 
the  gneiss  are  interstratified  beds  of  garnetiferous  mica  slate.  The 
whole  series  is  overlain  by  red  sandstones  of  banded  structure.  The 
granitoid  rocks  are  again  found  on  the  north  side  of  the  island  of 
North  Somerset,  where  they  form  the  eastern  boundary  of  Peel 
Sound.  Cape  Granite  is  the  northern  boundary  of  the  granite.  On 
Peel  Sound  and  Prince  of  Wales  Island  is  a  dark  syenite  compose*  1 
of  feldspar  and  hornblende.  This  rock  is  massive  and  eruptive  ;if 
Cape  McClure,  and  occasionally  gneissic.  The  Silurian  of  the  Arctic 
archipelago  rests  everywhere  directly  on  the  granite,  with  a  sand- 
stone, passing  into  a  coarse  grit,  at  its  base. 
Haughton,22  in  1859,  states  that  granitoid  rocks  everywhere  under- 
lie the  Arctic  archipelago.  At  Montreal  Island  is  a  gneiss  which  ex- 
hibits the  phenomena  of  foliation  in  a  marked  degree.  At  Bellots 
Straits,  in  latitude  72°  north,  are  found  gneissoid  granite,  graphic 
granite,  and  syenite.  At  Ponds  Bay,  at  the  northern  extremity  <>t' 
Baffin  Land,  qnartziferous  mica  schist  underlies  the  Silurian  lime- 
stone and  is  interstratified  with  gneiss  and  garnetiferous  quartz  rock 
inclining  38°  WSW.  Cape  York,  on  the  Greenland  coast,  is  com- 
posed of  fine-grained  granite.  At  Wolstenholme  Sound  the  granitoid 
rocks  are  converted  into  mica  slate  and  actinolite  slate,  the  two  rocks 
55721—  P.ull.  3G0— 09 34 
