24 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY OF AMITY QUADRANGLE, PA. 
by the name Lower Productive Measures, to distinguish it from the 
productive formation which lies above the Conemaugh. 
Thickness. — Where exposed in western Pennsylvania the Allegheny 
varies in thickness from 270 to 370 feet, averaging about 300 feet. It 
is difficult to make any very definite determinations in a region where 
so few complete well records have been kept; but in general the 300- 
foot average is believed to hold. 
Character. — The Allegheny formation consists of sandstone, shale, 
coal beds, and occasional thin limestones. In the vicinity of Con- 
nellsville and in the Beaver Valley, the nearest points where the forma- 
tion is exposed, it commonly contains several valuable coal beds. 
The general character and sequence of strata are shown by several 
well sections in the borough of Deemston, as follows : 
Section of Allegheny formation in the J . L. Thompson No. 5 well (48), borough of Deemston. 
Feet. 
Coal, Upper Freeport 5 
Slate 25 
Lime (Upper Freeport limestone) 15 
Slate 80 
Gas sand 45 
Slate 25 
Slate, black 25 
Sand 25 
Lime (Vanport limestone?) 15 
Slate, black ,50 
310 
Section of Allegheny formation in the A. B. Crumrine No. 1 well (24), borough of Deemston. 
Feet 
Coal, Upper Freeport 4 
Slate 4 
Lime (Upper Freeport limestone) 30 
Slate 20 
Sand 38 
Slate, while 37 
Slate, black 40 
Sand 55 
Slate 30 
Lime (Vanport limestone?). 20 
Slate 29 
Sand 25 
Lime 5 
317 
The limestone bed occurring near the top of these sections is probably 
the Upper Freeport limestone. The thin limestone 50 to 60 feet above 
the bottom may be the Vanport. The sandstones of the formation 
are several in number and variable in their occurrence. Only one of 
them, the Gas sand, is reported by well drillers. This generally 
