PETKOLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. 47 
but in some cases a pile of debris, the remains of a bull wheel, or a 
wooden conductor mark the site. 
Few wells have been drilled in this part of the field in several years. 
One or two have recently been drilled to the fifth sand and produce 
oil from it. In the region southwest of Washington, however, devel- 
opment is still going on. At Meadowlands, in the valley of Char- 
tiers Creek, a pumping station of the Southwest Pennsylvania Pipe' 
Lines is located, and in this valley, between Meadowlands and Hous- 
ton, are situated about 50 tanks, with an average capacity of 29,350 
barrels, in which oil of the southwest district is stored. 
The prosperous growth of the town of Washington was largely due 
to the influx of oil men during the boom and to the productiveness 
of neighboring farms. Large amounts have been paid in leases to 
landowners throughout the country. In consequence, many of the 
farms have a very prosperous appearance and in East Washington 
handsome residences have been built. Many families, who became 
well to do at the time of the oil boom, still reside in the town, and a 
few former operators are now interested in oil fields in other districts. 
FONNER FIELD. 
Oil was discovered in this field in March, 1897, in a well drilled on 
the farm of William Fonner. The first well produced 1,800 barrels 
per day for a short time and then the production declined. A number 
of wells were drilled in 1898-99 to the Gantz and Fifty-foot sands, which 
yield the oil. 
A number of dry holes were struck in territory immediately adjoin- 
ing productive wells. In February, 1903, there were 10 wells in the 
Fonner field, with a daily production of about 50 barrels. The oil is 
pumped into small tanks and transported by the Southwest Pennsyl- 
vania Pipe Lines to the Meadowlands storage tanks. 
ZOLLARSVILLE FIELD. 
Except in the Fonner field, little drilling for oil has been done in the 
quadrangle since the eighties, but there has been much prospecting for 
gas. The largest producing gas field is in the southeastern part of the 
quadrangle, between Beallsville, Zollarsville, and Deemston. This 
field contains about 70 wells, and in it new wells are still being drilled. 
It is operated by the Manufacturers Light and Heat, the Monongahela 
Gas, the Carnegie, and the Philadelphia companies. In 1904 oil was 
struck in one or two wells on the western edge of the field. 
OIL AND GAS ROCKS. 
DESCRIPTION OF THE MAP. 
On the geologic map ( PL I, pocket) three classes of wells are repre- 
sented, printed in green, red, and black, respectively. Those shown 
in green are w T ells which at some time have produced oil ; those in red 
