PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. 59 
of the Gantz sand is 528 to 620 feet, with occasional records as high 
as 743. The excessive amounts are generally due to mdefiniteness 
in the position of the top of the Gantz sand. In the Fonner field 
this interval is 500 feet and at Lone Pine 600 feet. 
The Elizabeth sand is at present the great gas producer of the 
Zollarsville field. Gas has also been obtained from it in Somerset 
Township. Beneath the greater part of the Amity quadrangle this 
sand has never been penetrated, but it would seem to offer good 
opportunities for future prospecting. Oil and gas are reported to 
occur in this sand in one well in North Franklin Township. 
Beds below the Elizabeth sand. — In general, the Elizabeth sand may 
be considered the bottom of the geologic record, but a few wells in the 
quadrangle have reached greater depths. The Mrs. A. L. Hawkins 
No. 3 (32), in the borough of Deemston, reports a "Sweet sand" 40 
feet below the top of the Elizabeth. The recorded thickness is only 
4 feet. In the II. II. Richards No. 1 well (293), in West Bethlehem 
Township, this sand has the same thickness and occurs 69 feet below 
the top of the Elizabeth. A number of wells penetrate this horizon 
without reporting the sand. In the George Thompson No. 1 (309), in 
West Pike Run Township, a sand 30 feet thick was noted 290 feet 
below the top of the Bayard, and 101 feet lower the bottom of a bed of 
"broken shells and slate" is recorded. These beds have not been 
definitely correlated, but are believed to approach the horizon of the 
Warren First and Second sands of northern Pennsylvania. In the 
Mrs. A. L. Hawkins No. 1 well, near Beallsville, beds of a different 
character occur. Nothing is recorded there in the interval of 747 feet 
below the top of the Fifty-foot sand, but at that depth — 2,264 feet 
below the Pittsburg coal — there are 48 feet of "sand and lime." 
Below that the record gives only 474 feet of "slate and shell." This 
record was evidently considerably generalized by the driller. In 
only one instance, in the southern part of the Zollarsville field, is gas 
known to occur below the Elizabeth sand. 
PRODUCTION OF OIL AND GAS. 
WASHINGTON OIL FIELD. 
The principal production of oil in the Washington field was in the 
years immediately following its discovery in 1885. Throughout the 
history of ihe field oil has been obtained mostly from the Gantz and 
Fifty-foot sands, and all the gushers were from these sands. In the 
early days the flows from some of the big wells were enormous. 
Among the noted wells were the William Barre Nos. 1 and 3 ; William 
Davis Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4; Morgan Nos. 5 and 9; Matthew Taylor Nos. 
1, 2, 3, and 4; Workman Nos. 1 and 2; the Gordon well; A. M. Smith 
Nos. 1 and 3; Manifold ; Taylor ; Willetts Nos. 1, 3, and 5; Munce No. 
