COAL. 109 
In general these sections show a fair agreement, having a main bench 
and an upper bench ( u roof coal"), separated by 6 to 18 inches of fire 
clay. The " roof coal" varies in thickness from 3 to 23 inches, the 
main bench from 22 to 47 inches. The maximum measurement of 
the main bench is at a country bank 2 miles southeast of Kammerer 
(PI. VI, section 23). The roof is generally sandstone, but here and 
there shale, and in one instance the coal is separated from the sandstone 
by a foot of fire clay. 
The lower of the two partings occurs from 2 inches to 2 feet above 
the bottom of the seam and in extreme cases measures a foot. The 
fact that the lower bench has not always been recorded is doubtless 
because it is usually thin and the operators do not think it worth while 
to take it out. The mine tracks are laid on top of the clay above it. 
A rather peculiar condition exists south of Vance ville, where the 
coal is locally split into two divisions several feet apart, separated by 
shale (sections 37 and 38). Both divisions are worked. The upper 
one is in turn split into two benches, separated by clay, probably corre- 
sponding with the usual "roof coal " and main bench. This opening 
shows the two benches 12 and 30 inches thick, separated by 13 inches 
of clay. This coal is very hard. The lower division measures 54 
inches of coal, which is rather bony. In both divisions it contains a 
large percentage of sulphur. This is the only locality where the 
Waynesburg coal is certainly known to be split, but that such instances 
are probably numerous is indicated by the occurrence at several points 
in the quadrangle of two distinct blossoms separated by a few feet of 
shale or debris. 
At a country bank on North Branch of Pigeon Creek the Waynes- 
burg bed is said to consist of 8 feet of solid coal; but this statement 
can not be corroborated, as the entry has now fallen in. In the 
vicinity of Kammerer the coal has been mined at several country 
banks. At the Kammerer opening the two upper benches measure in 
all 38 inches, including 2 inches of shale, corresponding to the fire-clay 
parting found elsewhere (section 22) . 
This coal has been opened at many banks in the vicinity of Deems- 
ton and Zollarsville and "a number of sections have been measured 
(sections 43 to 51), detailed sections of which follow: 
