LIMESTONE. 127 
the outcrops are a little more extensive. One of the most continu- 
ous exposures of the limestone in the quadrangle is on the long ridge 
on which the road runs, extending in a northeast-southwest direction, 
about midway between Daniels and Plum runs west of Beallsville. 
The limestone seems to be at least 30 feet thick and appears for sev- 
eral miles near the top of the ridge as numerous dark blue-gray frag- 
ments. It has been quarried on a knob about a mile west of Bealls- 
ville and also on the National pike, one-half mile northeast of Odell, 
where it shows the following section: 
Partial section of Upper Washington limestone near Odell. 
Ft. in. 
Shale (4 + feet). 
Limestone, dark blue-gray 1 8 
Shale, dark 10 
Limestone, dark blue-gray 11 
Shale, black 1 1 
Limestone, light gray 2 3 
6 9 
On a hill near by the thickness of the limestone appears to be as 
great as 50 feet. 
Near the middle of the Upper Washington limestone occurs a dark 
layer which contains great numbers of little fossils. The rock from 
this layer gives a peculiar fetid odor when struck by the hammer. 
The Upper Washington limestone is, as a rule, a fairly pure bed. A 
sample of it taken from the railroad tunnel east of Washington, was 
analyzed by the Second Geological Survey a and shown to have the 
following composition : 
Analysis of Upper Washington limestone near Washington. 
[D. McCreath, analyst.] 
Insoluble residue 17. 380 Sulphur 0. 155 
Calcium carbonate (CaC0 3 ) 72. 866 Phosphorus 061 
Magnesium carbonate (MgC0 3 ) .... 3. 813 
Ferric oxide ( Fe. 2 ;j ) 2. 929 
97. 204 
This limestone is quarried at several points in the area. At present 
the most important output is from a quarry at the west end of the rail- 
road tunnel east of Washington, the rock being used for railroad bal- 
last. One mile northeast of Washington, on the Williamsport pike, 
is a small quarry operated by the Hallam Construction Company. The 
rock is crushed and used in macadamizing the streets of the town. 
The principal use of the limestone thus far has been for road metal and 
railroad ballast. . If the proportion of calcium carbonate, as shown in 
the analysis, holds throughout the quadrangle, this bed would seem to 
be a possible source of lime for the manufacture of cement. The stone 
has been burned in many places for a fertilizer. 
a Rept. MM, 1879, p. 388. 
