130 ALASKAN MINERAL RESOURCES IN 1906. 
however, does not appear to extend north or west of Hastings Creek, 
and the entire area occupied by it within the boundaries of the district 
mapped on the Nome sheet is about 6 square miles. East of the 
boundary the granite area is probably slightly larger. 
STRUCTURE. 
It has been stated that the Nome series forms a broad synclinal 
trough, with an approximately east- west axis, extending from the 
coast of Bering Sea to the Kigluaik Mountains. There is, however,; 
abundant evidence of an earlier deformation, due to forces acting 
almost at right angles to those which gave rise to the broad east-west 
folds and producing other folds much more intense in character and 
with axes running from north to south or from north-northwest to 
south-southeast. Yet, in spite of these deformations, it was found 
that the bedding of the sediments and the cleavage or schistosity are 
nearly everywhere the same, although exceptions are known. 
The Nome series has been deformed under conditions of compara- 
tively light load, as a result of which the strata are much broken, 
locally with more or less displacement. In places the limestones 
especially appear to have been crushed, much as a marble block is 
sometimes crushed under a heavy weight, but on a far greater scale. 
Faulting of lesser degree is exceedingly common, but direct evidence 
of large displacements is hard to secure. This is due to the difficulty 
of finding any reference beds and the well-nigh hopeless task of corre- 
lating strata in different or even in neighboring parts of the field. 
Evidence of faulting is most readily obtained in localities where lime- 
stones are present. It is rarely the case that one can actually place 
hands on the contact of faulted beds, and the displacement is usually 
indicated by an offsetting of outcrops or the abrupt termination oil 
beds along their strike. 
VEINS. 
Deformation and rupture of the series has given opportunity foi 
the circulation of mineral-bearing solutions and the deposition ol| 
veins of quartz and calcite. Quartz occurs principally as lenses and 
stringers in the schist, but also as well-defined veins cutting the schist 
Veins of white quartz of considerable thickness — 10, 12, or even 2( 
feet — occur, but in no observed case do they show as great minerali- 
zation as some of the smaller veins. In several localities prospec 
holes or short tunnels driven in the large quartz masses show then 
to be much broken and faulted, and, while the weathered surface ii 
milky white, joint planes and cracks are stained with iron oxide. 
Small quartz veins, though less conspicuous, are far more numerous 
and, as noted, are here and there well mineralized. They appear a, 
small lenses, either lying in the cleavage or crossing it, as filling alonj 
