X—THE GEOMETRIDAE. 111 
The expansion of the wings is about 1 inch. The fore-wings 
of the male vary from pinkish-grey to pale greenish-grey; there 
is an obscure darker basal patch; a rather broad median band, 
formed of several wavy darker grey lines, generally absent 
towards the middle of the band; there is a black discal dot; the 
termen is shaded with grey, and there is an oblique pale mark 
near the apex. The hind-wings are pinkish-grey with a few very 
faint wavy lines. The cilia of all the wings are pinkish-grey. 
In the female the fore-wings are dull yellowish-grey or greenish- 
grey, with the markings very indistinct. 
Both sexes vary slightly in the ground colour, and in 
the intensity of the markings. 
The egg, which is laid flat in small clusters, is oval, 
pale yellow, with numerous small hexagonal depressions 
and sunken side. It changes first to orange, and then to 
dull grey before hatching. The young larva, when first 
emerged, is pale greyish-brown and very: slender. Later 
on the caterpillar becomes dull olive-green speckled with 
black; there are two paler stripes on the mid-back; a fine 
black subdorsal line, followed by a very fine white one; a 
broad pink lateral stripe; below this is a broad black line 
followed by a white line and two fine black ones. The 
larva is moderately stout, and the two prolegs are very 
close together. 
The larva, when full-grown, measures about # inch in 
length. The general colour is dull reddish-brown, often 
ereenish-tinged. The back and sides are marked with 
numerous slightly waved fine black lines; there is a double 
series of black dots down the back, a broad black lateral 
line, followed by a fine white line. The under side of the 
larva is pinkish-brown; the head greenish-brown speckled 
with black. The caterpillar is obscurely marked, and very 
variable. It is often clouded with greenish colouring. 
The foodplants are watereress and nasturtium. 
The pupa is enclosed in a slight cocoon constructed of 
earth and silk, on the surface of the ground. 
The perfect insect is most abundant in December, and 
is attracted by light. It seems to be about during the 
entire year, numerous specimens having been taken from 
May till September, and hence it is often regarded as 
essentially a winter species. It is probable that there are 
two broods in the course-of a year, and that the insect 
hybernates as an imago. C. ardularia, Guen., is the male 
and C. inamoenaria, Guen., the female of this species. C. 
subidaria, Guen., quoted by Butler as a synonym, is an 
Australian species, and not identical. 
XANTHORHOE CINNABARIS. 
(Larentia cinnabari, Howes, Trans. N.Z. Inst., xliv., 203.) 
(Plate XI., fig. 44.) 
This pretty species was discovered by Mr. A. A. Howes 
on the Garvie Mountains, near Kingston, Lake Wakatipu. 
Mr. Philpott has also detected it in the Greenstone Valley 
in the same district. 
‘The expansion of the wings is nearly ~ inch. The fore-wings 
are pale ochreous-yellow with a dark-edged brownish basal patch; 
the median. band is also brownish, rather narrower than usial, 
with a strong angulation on its outer edge near the middle; it 
is bordered first with dark brown and then with distinct whitish 
lines; there is a broken whitish subterminal line. The hind- 
wings are bright ochreous-yellow. 
There is considerable variation in the depth of the 
colouring and in the extent of the dark markings, the males 
being, generally-speaking, darker than the females. 
The perfect insect appears in November, and is found 
in swampy places amongst tussock. 
Described and figured from a specimen in _ the 
Dominion Museum. 
XANTHORHOE BULBULATA. 
(Cidaria .bulbulata, Guen., HE. M. M. v., 94. Larentia bulbulata, 
Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst. xvi., 84.) 
CHIEN: DAMES ike all ey) 
This-species has occurred in the Souh Island at Keke- 
rangu, Christchurch, Castle Hill, Lake Pukaki, Dunedin, 
Lake Wakatipu and Invereargill. 
The expansion of the wings is barely 1 inch. The fore-wings 
are pale brownish-ochreous with darker brown markings; there 
is a faint basal patch; a moderately broad median band with 
a distinct rounded projection near the middle; the termen is 
broadly shaded with brown, with a wavy paler subterminal 
line; there are often several oval paler marks in the middle of 
the median band, and pale brown spots and lines between the 
darker brown markings. The hind-wings are bright orange, 
with the cilia pale brown. 
The perfect insect appears from September till March, 
and frequents open, grassy places, from the sea-level to 
elevations of from 2,000 to 3,000 feet. 
XANTHORHOE PRACTICA. 
(Xanthorhoe practica, Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., xliii., 72.) 
(Plate XI., fig. 43 @.) 
This neatly-marked little species has oceurred at 
Auckland, Martinborough,.and at Porirua, near Welling- 
ton, in the North Island; in the Motueka Valley near 
Nelson, at Christehureh and Dunedin in the South Island. 
The expansion of the wings is 7 inch. The fore-wings, which 
have the costa strongly arched near the apex, are pale ochreous- 
brown, there is a rather ill-defined basal patch followed by a 
narrow transverse line; a moderately broad dark grey median 
band, concave on its inner edge, wavy and slightly projecting 
near.the middle on its outer edge and containing two black 
wavy transverse lines, the borders of the median band are 
clouded with warm brown; there is a fine wavy brown line 
followed by a similar subterminal line, a cloudy patch on the 
costa at the apex and two fainter patches on the termen. The 
hind-wings are greyish-ochreous with darker and lighter trans- 
verse lines, strongest on the dorsum; there is a very wavy 
whitish subterminal line. The female is darker than the male, 
but some individuals of both sexes are considerably darker than 
others. 
Apart from structural characters, this species suggests 
a very diminutive specimen of Hydriomena deltoidata. 
The perfect insect appears in January ‘and February, 
and seems to frequent rather open country. It is a rare 
species. 

