X.—THE GEOMETRIDAE. 15: 
protuberances on the vertex; there is a very large irregular 
pointed protuberance on each side of the 6th Segment and a 
much smaller double protuberance on the back of the 12th seg- 
ment; the general colour is dull brown with wavy darker sub- 
dorsal and lateral lines and many finer marks and irregularities, 
causing the surface of the larva to exactly resemble bark; there 
is an irregular lateral ridge. 
This larva remains motionless and rigidly extended 
from a twig of its foodplant and in this way almost defies 
detection. It feeds intermittently on manuka (Leptosper- 
mum) during the whole of the winter. 
The pupa is enclosed in a very open cocoon constructed 
of silk and refuse amongst the twigs of the foodplant. 
The perfect insect appears from November till March. 
It is attracted by blossoms, sugar and light, but is not 
generally a common species.. 
DECLANA GLACIALIS. 
(Declana glacialis, Huds., Trans, N.Z. Inst., xxxv., 245, 
1h, DOO% ny AR 8 3) 
(BlaterxVilly te. Oe a eLOmOn) 
This very brightly-coloured species was discovered by 
Mr. C. W. Palmer on the Tableland of Mount Arthur, at 
an elevation of about 4,000 feet above the sea-level. It 
has also occurred on Arthur’s Pass, on the Sealey Range, 
near Mount Cook, on Ben Lomond, Lake Wakatipu, and 
on the Hunter Mountains. 
The expansion of the wings of the male is almost 14 inches; 
of the female fully 14 inches. The fore-wings of the male are 
very dark rich purplish-brown; there is a large, very irregular, 
deeply indented white mark in the middle of the wing extending 
from the base beyond 3}; this marking is almost bisected by a 
bright reddish-brown longitudinal streak; there is an obscure 
bluish-white mottling on the subterminal area and the veins are 
bright reddish-brown; the apex of the fore-wings is rather prom- 
inent and the termen somewhat bowed. The hind-wings are 
bright-orange, with a dark brown terminal band, narrowest, near 
the dorsum; the cilia are bright-orange. The head and thorax 
are covered with orange-brown hair; there is a conspicuous 
ochreous band on the prothorax, and the abdomen is dull-orange, 
speckled with black towards the tip. 
In the female all the wings are considerably narrower and 
the white markings on the fore-wings very much: more extensive 
than in the male. The hind-wings are pale orange-ochreous with 
grey median and subterminal lines, and a greyish-brown terminal 
band. 
The perfect insect appears from November till Jan- 
uary. It flies with great rapidity in the sunshine, but is 
most abundant in the late afternoon. It may be looked 
for on open mountainous country, at elevations between 
2,000 and 4,000 feet above the sea-level. It seems to be 
fairly common on Arthur’s Pass, where specimens may 
sometimes be eaptured as they dash across the old coach 
road. The female is much rarer and less active than the 
male. The peculiar habits of this insect have already been 
referred to in Chapter III. 
Go 
DECLANA ATRONIVEA. 
(Detunda atronivea, Walk., Cat. xxxil., 619; Chlenias (?)manai- 
fera, Fereday, Trans. N.Z. Inst., xii., 268, pl. ix. 1; Detunda 
atronivea, Meyr., ib. xvi. 101.) 
(Plate XVIII., fig. 18 9.) 
This very handsome insect appears to be restricted to 
the North Island where it is generally rather rare. It is, 
however, abundant on the lower slopes of Mount Egmont, 
and has occurred occasionally at Thames, Waitomo, Wai- 
marino, Taumarunui, Ohakune, Hawera, Napier, Otaki and 
Wellington. 
The expansion of the wings of the male is 1% inches, of the 
female nearly 2 inches. The fore-wings are brilliant shining 
white, with numerous black markings; these consist chiefly of 
three irregular branching transverse bands, and a series of 
wedge-shaped spots on the termen; the larger markings are 
brownish in the centre. The hind-wings are dark grey, becom- 
ing almost black on the termen, with a fine wavy transverse 
black line. 
This species varies considerably in the size and shape 
of the black markings on the fore-wings, which are often 
slightly different on the opposite sides, in the 
specimen. 
same 
The eggs of this moth are about one thirty-second of an 
inch in length, oval, slightly roughened on the surface and 
light blue in colour. They are deposited towards the end of 
October. The young larva escapes by gnawing a hole out 
of the side. 
When first hatched it is dull brownish-black, with 
creamy-white lateral lines and prolegs; the head is reddish. 
It feeds on Nothopanax arboreuwm. After the first moult 
the lateral lines become much wider, especially towards the 
head. After the second moult the two dorsal tubercles are 
fully developed, the thoracic segments much swollen and 
flattened above, the latter bearing traces of the black mark- 
ings of the full-grown larva. After the third moult the 
larva becomes a dark brownish colour inclining to choco- 
late on the dorsal surface. The characteristic markings on 
the penultimate and anal segments of the adult larva now 
appear, and the dorsal tubercles are yellowish in colour; 
the extra prolegs are very small, and are visible as wart- 
like appendages on the lower surface of the tenth segment. 
The full-grown eaterpillar is a remarkable-looking 
animal. The head is very small; segments 2, 3 and 4 are 
enormously swollen and flattened above, the flattened por- 
tions being white, with several small black ring-shaped 
markings; there is a pair of large yellowish tubercles on 
the dorsal surface of the seventh segment, and two smaller 
ones on the tenth and eleventh segments; the larva is much 
stouter towards the posterior extremity, especially behind 
the ninth segment; the penultimate segment is furnished 
with a large creamy-white ridge, starting on the back and 
proceeding downwards and forwards; the extra pair of 
prolegs is small and only occasionally used in walking. 
The general colour of the larva is brownish- or blackish- 
green; the tenth and eleventh segments are generally 

