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168 ’ XL—THE PYRALIDAE. 
The expansion of the wings is from 1 to 1% inches. The 
fore-wings vary from rather dull brown to pale brownish-ochre- 
ous, darkest on the costa; there is a very conspicuous longitu- 
dinal central stripe of fairly even width, with a very narrow 
extension towards the apex; the dorsal portion of the wing is 
more or less clouded with pale ochreous and often tinged with 
warm brown towards the base, the lower edge of the central 
white streak being margined with dark brown; there is a very 
fine, dark brown, terminal line and three or four minute ter- 
minal dots below the white longitudinal streak; the cilia are 
pale brown with three or four slender white bars on apical half. 
The hind-wings are pale brownish-ochreous, darker towards the 
apex and termen; the cilia are pale whitish-ochreous, 
This species is rather variable. In addition to the 
variation already indicated, some specimens have two trans- 
verse series of mora or less confluent dark spots, the first, 
. a oy ¢ 
very oblique, from about % of costa to + of dorsum, and 
the second from about } of costa to just before the tornus; 
the first series is very strongly augulated above the central 
streak, the second less strongly angulated; each series is 
also more or less distinctly indicated on the central streak. 
Some of the specimens, in which these chains of spots are 
very distinct, have the costal portion of the wing blackish- 
brown (fig. 4), whilst others have all the markings much 
fainter (fig. 2). 
The perfect insect appears from December till March, 
and usually frequents dry grassy situations where it is 
often very abundant. : 
CRAMBUS HORISTHES. 
(Crambus horistes, Meyr., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1902, 276.) 
This species is found on the Chatham Islands, where 
it seems to be quite common. 
The expansion of the wings is about 1 inch. Head and 
thorax pale greyish-ochreous with some white scales, Labial 
palpi 4, greyish-ochreous, white towards base beneath. Fore- 
wings with apex tolerably rectangular, termen nearly Straight, 
rather oblique, rounded beneath; pale brownish-ochreous; a 
rather broad straight snow-white longitudinal streak above mid- 
dle from base to termen, extremity extended upwards to apex, 
sometimes yellowish-tinged towards base; costal area above this 
wholly rather dark brown; cilia pale ochreous suffusedly barred 
with white. Hind-wings whitish-fuscous; cilia white, with a 
faint sub-basal whitish-fuscous line. 
Allied to Crambus flexuosellus (no other species has 
the sharply contrasted dark costal and light dorsal areas) 
but easily distinguished by the absence of the characteristic 
dark spots on lower edge of white streak, and by the hind- 
wings not being yellowish. 
CRAMBUS FLEXUOSELLUS. 
(Crambus flexwosellus, Dbld., Dieff., New Zealand, ii., 289; Feld., 
Reis. Nov., Pl. cxxxvii.,, 32; Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., xv., 28.) 
(Plate XX., fig. 31 4; Frontispiece, fig. 24 egg.) 
Except in the North this species is extremely common 
and generally distributed throughout the country. It is 
very common on Stewart Island. 
The expansion of the wings is about 1 inch. The fore-wings 
have the costa rather broadly bordered with chocolate brown, 
narrower towards the base; this is followed by a broad, clear 
white, longitudinal streak, slightly curved upwards at the apex; 
the rest of the wing is pale brownish-ochreous; there is an elon- 
gate brown dot just below the white streak at about 3 and some- 
times an obscure wavy brown transverse line at about 3%. The 
hind-wings are pale brownish-ochreous, darker towards the apex. 
The head, palpi, and thorax are brownish-ochreous, ! 
This species varies considerably in the intensity of the 
markings, some specimens being much darker than others, 
The perfect insect appears from November till April 
or May. It is certainly one of the commonest species of 
the genus, and is found almost everywhere. It is often 
extremely abundant at the edges of forests, or thickets, 
where countless specimens may sometimes be dislodged by 
beating. 
CRAMBUS TUHUALIS. 
(Crambus tuhudalis, Feld., Reis. Nov., Pl. exxxvii., 18; Crambus 
thrincodes, Meyr., Trans. N.Z. Inst., xlii., 64; ibid., xliii., 61.) 
(Plate XX., fig. 8 $.) 
This: very local species has been taken at Kaitoke near 
Wellington, on the Dun Mountain near Nelson, and Mount 
Grey, North Canterbury. 
The expansion of the wings is slightly over 1 inch. The 
fore-wings have a very broad, irregular, white costal band, the 
dorsal area being pale brownish-ochreous; there is a narrow, 
chocolate-brown streak on the costal edge becoming broader 
towards the apex and interrupted by white bars at 4 and 3; 
several irregular dark brown marks at about 4; a sharp, crescent- 
shaped brown nuark in the dise at 3 enclosing! a white spot with 
a faint brown centre; the second line is white and very jagged; 
the veins:are more or less marked in dark brown. The hind- 
wings are pale ochreous, slightly darker towards the apex. 
There is considerable variation in the extent of the 
‘white costal area and in the breadth of the white bars 
which break through the chocolate-brown costal edging, — 
which may thus be converted into three elongate spots. 
The perfect insect appears from December to Febru- 
ary, and frequents patches of fern (Pteridium aquilinum) 
erowing in openings in the beech forest. It is evidently 
extremely local. When resting the abdomen and wings are 
held upwards at an angle of ‘about 15 degrees from the 
object on which the insect is standing. Mr. Meyrick points 
out that ‘‘ this remarkable and very distinct species is 
intermediate in character between Crambus flexuosellu, 
vulgaris, and cyclopicus, partaking nearly equally of the 
characters of all three.’’ 
CRAMBUS VULGARIS. 
(Crambus vulgaris, Butl. Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, 400, Pl. 
xliili., 7.; Crambus tuhwalis, Meyr., (nec. Felder), Trans. 
NZ.) InSite eve, soo) 
‘(Plate XX., fig. 39 9.) 
This species occurs commonly at Wellington and 
Christchurch. It is abundant on the Kaikoura Ranges and 
has been found at Castle Hill-at about 2,500 feet above the 
sea-level, in the Rakaia district, at Wyndham, Lake Waka- 

