moffit.] GOLD PLACERS OF TURN AGAIN ARM. 97 
That portion of the creek which has been most productive lies in a 
narrow canyon, three-quarters of a mile long-, extending from the 
mouth of the stream to Juneau Creek. The bed rock and gravels are 
similar to those of Canyon Creek, and high gravel benches are also 
present here. The creek bed through the canyon has been largely 
worked over and has afforded a considerable amount of gold, making 
:his stream second to Canyon Creek in production. In places, in addi- 
ion to the loose deposits, a hard "cement gravel," containing gold, 
las been formed, but has not yet been very successfully worked by 
lydraulic methods because it is difficult to break up. The gold in the 
cement gravel" is flattened and considerably finer than the coarse, 
leav}^ gold found on bed rock. Nuggets worth several dollars are 
lot uncommon in the coarser gold, and sometimes show striations, as 
f they had been dragged over a rough surface. All mining, till 
vithin the last two years, was done by hand, but at present a hydraulic 
)lant, employing only natives as laborers, is in operation near the 
nouth of Juneau Creek. 
GLACIER CHEEK DISTRICT. 
Crow Creek. — Crow Creek, on the north side of Turnagain xVrm, is 
, tributary of Glacier Creek. It is a short stream, -t or 5 miles long, 
nd receives part of its waters from the melting ice of one or two 
mall glaciers in the high mountains at its head. The central part of 
he stream occupies a broad, rounded valley, but the lower part Hows, 
l a series of rapids and waterfalls, through a narrow can} T on. The 
alley of Crow Creek is plainly the bed of an old glacier, whose retreat 
ift the valley floor strewn with a mass of debris brought down from the 
lountains above. The bed rock is made up of slates and arkoses. 
'he gravels are of the same material, but contain in addition a large 
mount of granitic rock. Enormous bowlders have been deposited 
i the valley by the ice and at one place form a long reef across the 
alley, evidently an old terminal moraine. High gravel banks are 
resent on both sides of the stream and carry some colors, but have 
ever been prospected. A cross section of the surface deposits in the 
bream channel shows coarse, angular wash above and stratified clays, 
mds, and gravels below. The sands carry only a few colors, and the 
est pay comes from the gravelly clays. 
Two grades of gold are found; one is coarse and silvery in appear- 
:ice, the other finer and yellow. Native copper and native silver are 
oth present. Crow Creek gold assays a little less than $15 per ounce, 
ms being lower in grade than that from any of the other creeks of 
le Turnagain Arm district. Hydraulic methods of mining have 
ken the place of the pick and shovel, and Crow Creek now possesses 
le largest hydraulic plant in the Cook Inlet country. 
Bull. 259—05 7 
