stone] COAL IN SOUTHWESTERN ALASKA. 167 
from the mouth. About 125 feet from the mouth an entry was driven 
75 feet long up the dip and a raise made from it to the surface, a 
distance of 30 feet. A level on the coal, run from this entry about 
25 feet from the main drift, struck a fault at 15 feet. Believing" that 
there was another bed of coal about 26 feet below the one being 
worked, a tunnel was started near the mouth of the entry and run in 
level against the rise for 108 feet. Several 10-inch to 15-inch seams 
were encountered, but none larger. The mine is over a mile from 
the sea and about 300 feet above tide. In April, 1901, the miners 
stopped work and seized the property for unpaid wages. A consider- 
able quantity of lumber, rails, tools, hardware, etc., landed at Portage 
Bay, was never taken to the mine. a 
Judging from the analysis given on page 170, this coal is bituminous 
in character. 
It is reported that gas was encountered in such quantity in the 
mines as to make the use of safety lamps necessary. 
UNGA ISLAND. 
While the writer was at Chignik, G. C. Martin went to Unga to see 
the Apollo mine. He made notes on the lignite at Zachary Bay, Unga 
Island, and has written the report which follows: 
Unga is the principal island of the Shumagin group which extends about 50 miles 
south and east from Portage Bay, Alaska Peninsula. The group lies half way 
between Kodiak and Unalaska islands. The eastern Shumagins, according to Dall, 
are granite, those in the middle of the group are largely composed of metamorphic 
quartzites and schistose rocks, b while Unga contains volcanic rocks and Tertiary 
beds. It has been known for many years that these Tertiary strata contain coal 
seams. 
The lignite of Unga Island is apparently restricted in area to the peninsula on the 
west side of Zachary Bay, or Coal Harbor, as it is more commonly called, a region 
about 6 or 8 square miles in extent. It occurs in the soft shale and sandstone of the 
Kenai formation, of Oligocene age. The Kenai formation is overlain by the Unga 
conglomerates, which are of Miocene age. These Tertiary rocks dip northwest at 
various angles, reaching in places 20°. They are adjoined on the south by crystal- 
line rocks, principally andesites. The crystalline rocks may underlie the Tertiary 
sediments or may be intruded into them, or the contact may be one of faulting. 
The following section, which was measured on the west shore of the bay near Mr. 
Tibbey's coal mine, shows the character of the Unga conglomerates and of that part 
of the Kenai formation which is above sea level. 
Section on west shore of Coal Harbor. 
Ft. in. 
1. Conglomerate and sandstone 140 
2. Shale and sandstone 20 
3. Conglomerate of fine pebbles 68 
4. Conglomerate of coarse pebbles 2 
5. Sandy shale 1 
"Information concerning the work done by this company was obtained verbally from a miner who 
was employed at Herendeen Bay from February to April, 1904. 
*>Dall, op. cit., p. 807. 
