Searching for Pupz 
the loose turf and soil at the feet of the Oaks, and 
shaking and examining. them, you are sure to find some 
pupe. You need not dig very deep; two or three inches 
isenough. Work from the trunk outward. The great 
bulk of your “take” will likely be members of the 
Teniocampa genus (T. Gothica, T. stabilis, etc.). 
These are easiest to find; indeed, they tumble quite 
readily out of the turf, as they spin little or no cocoon. 
As experience increases, so will your haul. Always 
note carefully the date and situation of any chance find. 
Caterpillars, not being reasoning animals, and inherit- 
ing a certain tendency of conduct, deviate very little 
from their prescribed habits ; so that, once one gets a 
clue to the habits of a certain larva, one should follow 
it up, and very often it will lead to the solution of what 
has been long a mystery. 
Pupz are frequently found on tree-trunks under 
patches of moss, and they should be looked for there 
at all seasons, but especially in spring. Such as I have 
found beneath the moss have been stowed away in cracks 
and fissures, so that merely stripping off the moss did 
not cause them to fall out, which shows that we should 
search all the little holes and corners and under loose 
bits of bark. Large numbers of the ‘small fry” (the 
Tortrices and Tinez#) pupate on or amongst the leaves 
of plants on which they fed, generally drawing them 
round themselves with silken threads. Others, again, 
live in little colonies under a web on the flower-heads 
of some of the larger umbelliferous plants, and when 
they are about to pupate they descend the stalk of the 
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