Searching for Pupez 
we must first seek Sallow trees or bushes and examine 
them for the tell-tale empty burrows; then hunt for 
the newly-made caps, which are the indications of the 
presence of the tenants. Some experience and practice 
will be needed before complete success is attained. 
Every little inequality or depression on the bark should 
be tested by the nail and finger-tips; each discovery 
makes the next one easier. In dry weather or in an 
exposed situation I have noticed these little caps to dry 
up and crackle (as shown in Plate XI., Fig. 2), so that 
the eye could trace the outline of the circle. In such 
case one touch of the finger is sufficient to make the 
withered caps fall off and disclose holes as indicated in 
Fig. 3 of the afore-mentioned plate. 
Remember that the pupa is to be found several inches 
straight above the hole, and well into the wood. A 
large and strong pocket-knife may be useful in an 
emergency, but it is slow at the best, and hard to work 
in a cramped position and with green wood. The best 
tool is a joiner’s paring chisel 1 inch wide ; any odd 
rounded stone does fora hammer. Make a few cuts 
at, say, 6 inches or so above the hole, and gently tear 
the bark downward towards it; the wood will be dis- 
coloured along the course of the burrow beneath. Take 
another slice, this time off the wood, and the end of the 
discoloration will show the termination of the burrow, 
and, of course, the site of the pupa. A third slice off 
should lay it bare. 
If you look at the pupa for a moment or two before 
transferring it to your box, you will notice that the 
II 
