Searching for Pupz 
out through chinks in the bark. But at the end of 
about sixteen months—just before the second winter 
—they begin to bore into the wood, and then upwards, 
By the following June each tunnel will be 18 inches 
to 2 feet long, and about that distance from the ground, 
Three to five inches from the extreme end of the tunnel 
the larva turns aside and cuts a passage to the outer 
world, leaving the merest skin of bark to conceal the 
opening (see Plate XI., Fig. 2). It thus provides for 
its future exit as a moth. This task accomplished, it 
next stops up the old burrow with chips of wood and 
frass until it is just level with the bottom of this side- 
cut, This is evidently done to prevent the pupa from 
falling down the old. shaft, where it would perish. 
All being now completed downstairs, the larva moves 
once again to the top end of the bore, and, turning 
head downward, starts to spin a loose cocoon, fairly 
strong, and toughest just under his head, possibly to 
resist the intrusion of ants or other undesirable enemies. 
By the middle of June the change will have taken place, 
and a pupa now occupies the cocoon, 
If we find it immediately after this transformation, 
the pupa will be white and soft, and on no account 
should an attempt be made to remove it in such a con- 
dition. Carefully close up the burrow, and call again 
in a week or two, By that time the pupa should bea 
deep orange colour, and hard; it is then in the most 
suitable condition for removal. A small tin box packed 
with damp moss does admirably for carrying the pupe. 
Obviously, in an excursion in search of these pupe 
10 
