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THE SEED AND GERMINATION 51 
How does the shoot of a young broad bean seedling make 
its way out of the soil? Compare the method of 
emergence of the bean shoot with that of the pumpkin, 
onion and wheat shoots. 
What is the difference between endospermic (albuminous) 
and non-endospermie (ex-albuminous) seeds? Show 
that both kinds of seeds may contain the same kind of 
food. 
In a lesson on germination to a class of children between: 
the ages of 10 and 12 what points would you deal with,. 
and what material could you select for practical work? 
. Explain the terms oxidation, slow oxidation, burning. 
Give two examples of each. 
. Explain the relation between oxidation and energy. 
Whenee do animals derive the energy necessary for the 
carrying out of their vital processes? 
-. What intimate relation exists between plants and 
animals? Show particularly how plants form the con- 
necting link between living animals and the world of 
inorganic matter. 
. What are the special functions of the following parts of 
an ordinary seed:—testa, micropyle, cotyledon, endo- 
sperm, radicle, plumule, hypocotyl? 
. Compare the embryo in a pea seed with that in a wheat 
grain. 
. What is meant by fermentation? Give common examples 
of the process. 
. In what special way is the mangrove seed adapted to its 
environment? Explain fully the advantage of the 
adaptation. 
. Why is germination alluded to as the awakening of the 
young plant? 
. How would you show that a considerable quantity of 
carbon dioxide is produced at germination? Describe 
two methods. 
. How would you show the action of diastase, cytase, and 
lipase respectively ? 
. How would you show that heat is evolved during the 
process of germination? What gives rise to this heat? 
In what respects is the behaviour of the onion seed on 
germination similar to that of a date stone? 
Distinguish the terms ‘‘hypogean’’ and ‘‘epigean’’ as 
applied to the escape of the shoot of a seedling from 
its cover. Has either method of escape an advantage 
over the other? 
