4 PREFACE 
In any satisfactory Botany course field-work is of the first 
importance; for it is by the study of plants when growing 
under natural conditions that the student acquires a living 
interest, and at the same time obtains that broad and compre- 
hensive view, which alone can illuminate the investigation of 
detail that must be carried out in the laboratory. In short, 
field-work vitalizes the whole subject. 
In conclusion, the writer wishes to thank all those who have 
been so ready to give assistance—Dr. Cockayne and Mr. 
Laneaster for useful photographs and suggestions, and Mr. Ash, 
Chief Art Instructor of the Seddon Memorial Technical College, 
for his invaluable help in connection with the illustrations. 
