30. 
31. 
35. 
36. 
BOTANY 
. Describe the way in which a dicotylous stem grows in 
thickness, and explain how it is that the stem shows 
annual rings. 
21. An oak stem continues to grow in thickness as long as the 
tree lives, but the stem of a palm does not thicken 
after it is once formed. Why is this? 
. Through what tissue does the water from the soil ascend 
the stem from root to leaf? How could you show this? 
3. What is meant by the translocation current? How could 
you show through what tissues it travels? 
. What materials would you use for a lesson on ‘‘Stem 
Modifications’’ to a class of children between the ages 
of 11 and 13? 
. What is bark, and what purpose does it serve? 
. What are bud-scales? How could you hasten the opening 
of buds? What risk is involved in doing this? 
. What are adventitious buds? Under what conditions do 
dormant buds become active? 
. What is the difference between a fiower bud and a 
vegetative bud? Explain the relation that exists 
between them. 
& 
. In what parts of plants, in what forms, and for what 
purposes are reserves of food accumulated? What 
changes must certain of these reserves undergo in order 
to become available? 
Describe the different ways in which a plant may produce 
vegetatively. 
Draw a vertical section of an ordinary bud. Show clearly 
the arching leaves and indicate the position of the 
growing point. 
2. What important precautions must be taken in the opera- 
‘tions of budding and grafting? Can you suggest any 
reasons why these precautions should be necessary? 
. Compare roots.and stems, dealing with structure, tropisms, 
appendages, and mode of growth. 
-. What are the tests for starch, grape sugar, inulin, 
cellulose, oil, solid protein? In what parts of plants 
would you expect to find each of these substances 
respectively? 
Explain fully the advantages and disadvantages possessed 
by climbing stems. Classify the different methods by 
which plants climb. 
What types of plant succeed best on the wind- -swept sand 
dunes? Give reasons. 
