168 BOTANY 
its own pollen, a very poor development of seed and 
fruit takes place. 
The New Zealand fuchsia has at least three forms 
(F. 106). 
(a) In the long-styled form, the style is more 
than twice as long as the calyx tube. In 
this form the stamens are practically sessile 
on the calyx tube with but poorly developed 
pollen. This is to all intents a female 
flower. 
(b) In the mid-styled form the anthers have 
long filaments, which are, however, shorter 
than the style. The pollen is deep blue. 
(c) In the short-styled form the filaments are 
about the same leneth as the style, and the 
pollen is again deep blue. 
It is practically certain that this variety of form 
serves some useful purpose in connection with pollin- 
ation, which under natural conditions, is carried out by 
tuis and other nectar-loving birds. What this may be 
has not yet been discovered. 
3. In the iris (Fig. 107) the stamen, which dehisces 
outwards, is protected under a kind of hood formed 
by the petaloid style. Just beyond the tip of this 
stamen, on the upper side of a flap hanging from the 
style, is the stigma. An insect pushes its way into the 
flower between the style and one of the lobes of the 
perianth. In so doing, it first brushes against the 
stigma on the upper side o? the flap. On pushing 
further in, it brushes its head and back against the 
anther and so becomes dusted with pollen. On backing 
out of the flower it closes up the flap, so that the stigma 
is prevented from receiving any of the pollen with 
which the insect is laden. In this way, self pollination 
is prevented. While pushing its way into another 
flower it again brushes against the stigma and cross 
pollination ig effected, 
