FLOWER AND FRUIT 181 
4. The nut, as in the hazel, oak, and tawhai or native 
beech (usually alluded to as birch) has a hard woody 
pericarp forming a shell. The coconut, brazil nut, and 
walnut, as will be seen later, are not nuts at all. 
The capsule (Fig. 116) is typical of dry dehiscent 
fruits. It is formed from several united carpels, and 
may be one-chambered, as in the violet and orchid, or 
several-chambered, as in the lily. The following fruits 
are after the nature of capsules :— 
1. A legume or pod, seen in the bean, pea, and 
kowhai, is a one-celled fruit formed from a superior 
ovary derived from a single carpel. The seeds are 
along the ventral suture, and the fruit dehisces along 
both ventral and dorsal sutures. 
2. The follicle is like a pod, except that it splits 
along the ventral suture only. This is seen in the 
individual members of the aggregate fruits of the 
‘ eolumbine and in the rewarewa (Knightia). 
3. The siliqua is the characteristic fruit of the wall- 
flower and turnip family. It is formed from a superior 
ovary derived from two carpels which have united by 
their edges. The fruit is two-celled owing to an in- 
erowth from the placente forming a septum. The fact 
that the ovules have not been earried in by this 
ingrowth shows that the septum is not due to the 
infolding of the carpellary leaves. It is therefore 
called a false septum. This fruit dehisces by the 
breaking away of the carpellary leaves, the seeds 
remaining attached to the placente at the margins of 
the false septum. 
4. A silicula is of the same nature as the siliqua 
but is shorter, broader, and flatter. This is seen in 
honesty and shepherd’s purse. 
Schizocarps (Gk. schizo I split, and karpos fruit), 
are dry fruits (Fig. 117) that split up into a number 
of dry, one-seeded, generally indehiscent fruits 
resembling achenes. Such fruits are those of the 
