21, 
22. 
FLOWER AND FRUIT 191 
. Explain the pollination of any New Zealand orchid and 
of one other native flower. 
. What is the essential difference between a definite and 
indefinite inflorescence? Explain the relationships 
existing between the different definite inflorescences. 
. Explain the terms zygomorphic and actinomorphic. Has 
either form of flower an advantage over the other? 
. What is the floral receptacle? What is meant by the 
whorls of the flower? 
. Deseribe the changes that take place in a flower as a 
result of fertilization. 
. Distinguish pollination and fertilization. 
. Compare the popular or culinary idea of a fruit with the 
botanical conception. 
. Compare the fruit of a rose with that of a buttercup. 
Illustrate with drawings. 
. Mention three fruits in which the calyx remains. What 
purpose might be served by this? 
Describe fully the fruit of the mulberry, hop, strawberry, 
apple, plum, pumpkin, in each case detailing the origin 
and development. 
What are the chief means of seed-dispersal. Give four 
examples each of seeds dispersed (a) by water, (b) by 
birds, (¢) by other animals, (d) by wind. Give full 
descriptions. 
. How are seeds protected while ripening? 
-. How are the seeds of the piri-piri, flax (Phormium), 
kowhai, akeake, manuka, and blackberry distributed? 
. By means of a table classify fruits. 
. What use is the fruit to a plant? 
- To what classes do the following fruits belong:—Walnut, 
coconut, almond, wheat grain, pea, wallflower, carrot, 
pumpkin, tomato? 
. What advantage is gained by a species in which the 
seeds are widely dispersed? 
. How is it that, in spite of constant weeding, a garden 
can never be kept absolutely free from weeds? 
. Distinguish monecious and diecious plants. Give two or 
three examples of each from the native flora. 
- What is cleistogamy? Under what circumstances would 
this be an advantage to the plant? 
