232 BOTANY 
These are depressed and carry down with them the 
keel to which they are hinged. The stigma and 
stamens are enclosed in the keel, but by its depression 
are exposed. The stigma first strikes the under side 
of the insect’s body, and in so doing receives any 
pollen it may have brought from another flower. Next 
the stamens strike the underside of the insect and 
dust it with pollen. The keel on which the insect. 
now rests has been depressed below both stamens and 
stigma so that the insect flies away without again 
touching either, and thus self pollination is obviated. 
When the insect goes to another flower the stigma 
strikes and receives the pollen from the first, resulting 
in eross-pollination. 
Characteristics of the Papilionacer. Flowers 
apopetalous, perigynous (%.e., the petals and stamens 
are lifted up on a eup formed by the calyx tube, there 
being a space between the tube and the ovary of the 
flower) ; papilionaceous (7.¢., butterfly shaped) ; stamens 
ten, usually monodelphous or diadelphous (7.¢., joined 
together in one or two groups); gyncecium, of one 
earpel (monocarpellary); fruit a legume. The zygo- 
morphie flower, the perigynous condition, the effective 
pollination mechanism, the single carpel, and the few 
seeds with their large store of reserve for the seedling 
plant, are all advanced characters. 
Floral formula. K (5) C5 A 54+ 5 G@1. The 
brackets show that the parts within them are united. 
NEW ZEALAND REPRESENTATIVES. 
1. The kowhai is a large shrub with pinnately com- 
pound leaves, sometimes growing into a small tree. 
The flowers (Fig. 180) are yellow and _ highly 
perigynous. 
The standard is small,—shorter than the wings; the: 
members of the keel are large and free. 
The stamens are all free. 
