PLANT DESCRIPTION 233 
The pod which is constricted at intervals is four- 
sided and floats in water. This is one of the chief 
means of distribution of the kowhai. 
2. The Clianthus (Fig. 130) or scarlet kaka-beak, 
used to be found near the Maori clearings and is now 
cultivated in gardens. 
The standard is small and reflexed, the wings very 
small and the keel very large and completely united. 
Both Clianthus and Kowhai are pollinated by 
birds. Look up Pollination. 
3. Carmichaelia, or New Zealand broom, has no 
leaves, the twigs being flattened out to form phyllo- 
clades or cladodes. This and many other things go to 
show that New Zealand was at one time much drier 
than it now is. The young seedlings of carmichaelia 
have leaves. The pods dehisce to let out the seed by 
the falling away of the side walls from the thickened 
sutures. 
INTRODUCED PLANTS. 
1. The Sweet Pea stem has flattened wings that 
help to do the work of leaves, many of the latter 
having lost their blades and formed tendrils. 
2. In White Clover the flowers are arranged in 
gelobular heads. Its leaves close at night. 
3. Red Clover is pollinated by humble bees, the 
tube leading to the nectar being too long for the tongue 
of the hive-bee. Till humble bees were introduced 
this plant rarely seeded in New Zealand. 
4. In Scarlet Runner the keel is coiled like a watch 
spring, and contains the similarly coiled stamens and 
style. 
5. Gorse has short spine-like branches, and also has 
the leaves reduced to small spines, though the seedling 
forms have ordinary foliage leaves. The two back 
sepal lobes are united to form a large compound sepal, 
the two side lobes are reduced to small scales and the 
