234 BOTANY 
front lobe much enlarged. The sepals enclose the 
mature fruit. The stamens are all united as they also 
are in the broom, lupin, and laburnum. 
ROSACEA. 
The Brier-Rose (Rosa rubiginosa) (Fig. 181) is a 
typical plant of this order. 
Habit. Shrub six to ten feet high. 
Root. Branched tap-root. 
Stem. Thorny with eurved thorns—much pith. 
Leaves. Compound, imparipinnate (7.e., having a 
terminal leaflet) ; stipulate, stipules adnate (7.e., united 
to the petiole); margin serrate; venation reticulate; 
pinnules oval. 
Inflorescence. Definite, solitary. 
Flower. Perigynous, actinomorphiec, complete. 
Calyx. Sepals 5, synsepalous, lifted on the receptacle 
tube on which are also carried the petals and stamens. 
The sepal lobes are covered below with oil glands. 
Corolla. Petals five, perigynous; apopetalous; 
petals obovate. 
Andrecium. Stamens co free, perigynous. 
Gyneecium. Carpels co, apocarpous, fastened to the 
inside of the cup formed by the raised receptacle tube. 
Each carpel consists of a terminal stigma brought up 
to the opening of the calyx cup; long style, and superior 
ovary containing one oyvule. 
Fruit. The tube of the receptacle becomes succulent, 
enclosing the true fruit which consists of numerous 
achenes. Birds eat the suceulent fruit and pass the 
achenes undigested through their intestines. Thus the 
plant is spread. 
Pollination. The brier produces no nectar, but the 
flowers are visited by bees for their pollen, the insects 
being attracted by the showy flower and aromatic 
