2492 BOTANY 
Flower.—Bracteate, complete, epigynous, actin- 
omorphic, small. The outer flowers of the umbel are 
often more or less zygomorphie. 
Calyx.—Synsepalous, five-lobed, superior, green 
and hairy. In many of the plants of this order the 
calyx lobes are so reduced that the five minute teeth 
are almost indistinguishable. 
Corolla.—Petals five, apopetalous, epigynous, white; 
petals often ineurved, alternating with sepals. 
Andreecium.—Stamens five, free, epigynous, alter- 
nating with the petals. 
Gynecium.—Carpels two, synearpous; two short 
styles surmount a large dise (nectary) and at the ends 
of these are the stigmas; ovary two-chambered, 
inferior, with a single suspended ovule in each eell. 
Fruit—aA schizocarp splitting into two mericarps. 
After division, the two nut-like mericarps are held 
together by the carpophore, which is really a continua- 
tion of the flower-stalk. Each mericarp has five more 
or less projecting ridges. Inside the grooves between 
the ridges, oil-ducts (vittw) are found. The seed has 
a little endosperm which does not contain starch, 
but oil. 
PollinationThe flowers are markedly proten- 
drous (7.¢., the stamens ripen before the stigma), and 
the epigynous honey-dise being easily accessible, are 
visited by many short tongued insects especially flies 
and. beetles. 
Seed Dispersal—The fruits of this order are dis- 
tributed by the wind, or, being rough, may cling to the 
coats of animals. In fennel, the fruits are not flat, but 
as the stem remains right through the winter the strong 
blasts blow the fruit away. 
Characteristics of the Order.—In all essentials the 
plants of this order closely follow the earrot and the 
others mentioned. Many species, e.g. Hemlock, are 
