244 BOTANY 
the plant is brushed, it emits an unpleasant odour 
which resembles mice. Hemlock was the state poison 
of Athens, and by it Socrates met his death. 
CoMPosITz. 
The plants of this order are divided into two sub- 
orders. 
(a) Tubuliflore—with dise florets only or with 
ray and disc florets, e.g. daisy, matricaria. 
(b) Ligulifiore—with no dise florets, all the 
the flowers being ligulate or strap-shaped. 
The Field daisy (Bellis perennis) (Fig. 138) is 
a well-known member of the Tubuliflore. 
Habit.—A perennial herbaceous plant, growing in 
meadows. 
Stem.—aA rootstock (a short rhizome) giving off 
leaves above and roots below. 
Leaves.—Radical, petiolate, spatulate (%¢., spoon 
shaped), toothed, green. 
Inflorescence.—A head or capitulum (i.e.,the flowers 
are massed together on a common receptacle and are 
sessile). 
Flowers.—The central flowers are the dise florets 
and those on the outside the ray florets. The dise 
florets are tubular and have present all parts but the 
calyx. These flowers are actinomorphie and epigynous. 
The ray florets have neither stamens nor sepals, and are 
strap-shaped, not tubular, the petals being united to 
form a flat blade. They are zygomorphie and 
eplgynous. 
Calyx.—Not distinguishable in either dise or ray 
florets. 
Corolla.—Petals five. Dise florets tubular with five 
lobes, synpetalous, epigynous; ray florets, petals united 
to form a strap-shaped body, synpetalous, epigynous. 
Andrecium.—Stamens absent from ray florets. In 
dise florets stamens five, syngenesious (t.e. joined by 
