252 BOTANY 
a rule draw its supplies from the ground. The flowers 
which are diwcious are produced in large panicles. 
In Cunningham’s astelia and Astelia linearis there is a 
distinct departure from the true lily type in the fact 
that the carpellary leaves have not folded in but have 
merely united by their edges, so that the ovary is one- 
celled and the ovules, instead of being in axile placen- 
tation, are on three parietal placente. 
Introduced Liliaceous Plants.—Yucea, tulip (stigma. 
sessile), hyacinth, onion and various lilies. 
GRAMINACEZ. 
Prairie Grass, the Brome (Bromus wnioloides) 
(Fig. 141). 
Habit.— Herbaceous, with upright sheathing leaves. 
Root.—Fibrous, adventitious. 
Leaf.—Linear, parallel veined, sheathing; sheath 
split in front; the ligule is a scaly appendage on the 
leaf just where it passes into the sheath. 
Stem.—Hollow, except at the nodes. 
Inflorescence.—A panicle of spikelets. 
Spikelet— Consists of a slender axis bearing a 
number of scales in two rows. The two bottom seales,. 
one on each side, are the barren or empty glumes. 
The other scales are bracts with flowers in their axils. 
These are called the outer pales or flowering glumes. 
The axis of the flower bears a sealy bracteole called 
the upper or inner pale. It is opposite the bract. 
The flower lies between the outer and inner pale. 
Lodicules.—Two small seales at the base and inv 
front of the ovary representing either a single scale or 
two lobes of a suppressed perianth. These swell and 
thus separate the pales to free the anthers and styles. 
Andrecium.—Stamens three, free, hypogynous, one 
in front between the lodicules, and one at each side 
behind the lodicules. Filament long, slender, hanging 
out of flower; anthers large, versatile. 
