INDEX 
Rye, 255, 
grass, 255. 
138. 
203, 
2038. 
Sagittate, 
Salicornia, 
Salt meadow, 
Saltpetre, 82. 
Salvia, 257. 
- pollination, 
Samara, 179. 
Sand, 78. 
Sand-dune, 200, 
Sandy soil, 79. 
Sealy bulb, 108. 
Scape, 174. 
Scarlet runner 
flower, 2855. 
twiner, 97. 
Schefflera digitata, 
Schizocarp, 181. 
Scion, 106. 
Scirpus frondosus, 200. 
Serub, sub-alpine, 199. 
Secondary root, 538. 
Sedges, 213. 
Seed, 24-5, 382-9. 
definition of, 38. 
dispersal, 184-7. 
advantages of, 
animals, 187. 
explosion, 187. 
hygroscopic movement, 187. 
water, 186. 
wind, 185. 
leaves. and foliage leaves, 144. 
reserves in, 108. 
Self-pollination, 161-3. 
Senecio 
seed dispersal, 
order, 248. 
Sepals, 20, 151. 
function of, 20, 
modification of, 
Septum, 159. 
Serrate, 140. 
Sessile anthers, 
leaves, 143. 
stigma, 159. 
Shepherd’s Purse 
fruit, 181. 
order, 229. 
Shrub, 94. 
Silica, 78. 
Silicate, 75. 
Silicon, 76. 
Silicula, 181. 
Siliqua, 181. 
Silvery sand grass 
creeping stem, 
seed-dispersal, 
xerophyte, 200. 
Simple fruits, 179. 
Sinuate, 140. 
Snapdragon, 257. 
pollination, 172. 
Snowdrop, 255. 
Societies, plant, 
Socrates, 244. 
169, 172. 
142. 
184-5. 
185. 
20, 152. 
156. 
96. 
185. 
194-214. 
Soil, 77-81. 
267 
mechanical analysis of, 77, 83. 
water, 81. 
conserved, 136. 
Solanum aviculare, 182. 
Solitary inflorescence, 177. 
Solomon’s seal, 101. 
Solution of chlorophyll, 118. 
Spadix, 176, 
Spathe, 174. 
Spatulate, 138. 
Speargrass 
in Alpine meadow, 212. 
order, 243. 
Species, 218. 
Sphagnum, 202, 
Spike, 176. 
Spikelet, 252, 
Spines, 134, 144. 
Spinifex hirsutus 
prostrate stem, 96. 
seed-dispersal, 185, 
xerophyte, 200. 
Spring wood, 92. 
Stamen, 21-3, 155. 
function of, 156. 
Standard, 21. 
Starch, 29, 30, 36, 48, 74. 
in leaves, 120, 144. 
Stele of root, 67. 
Stem, 15-16, 90-112. 
aérial, 94-101. 
climbing, 96-9. 
dicotyledon, 91. 
erect, 94-6. 
functions of, 15. 
monocotyledon, 93. 
prostrate, 96. 
root compared, 107. 
tissues of, 90-2. 
twining, 97. 
Steppe, 205. 
Stigma, 23, 156, 159. 
Stipule, 19, 144. 
Stock for grafting, 106. 
flower, 229. 
Stolon, 101. 
Stool, 105. 
Stomata, 118-9. 
reduced, 183. 
transpiration, 
Stork’s bill, 187. 
Strawberry fruit, 235. 
runner, 101. 
Structure of 
ifstiais Abi Kéy,. aK e 
root, 67-8. 
stem, 90-3. 
Struggle for Existence, 96, 
142, 185, 192-216. 
in daisy, 194. 
in dock, 194. 
Style, 23, 156, 159. 
Sueda, 208. 
Sub-alpine scrub, 199-210. 
Successions, 212-4. 
Succulent fruits, 182. 
Sucker, 101. 
131. 
105, 
