ENGLISH 1 
A 
1 abaxial -- side away from stem or axis; back, dorsal, or lower surface of leaf or costa 
(opposed to adaxial) [f1, g1, s2]. 
2 abortive — defective or terminated development; e.g., imperfectly developed spores [f2, g6, 
s3 
3 abrupt -- changing suddenly rather than gradually, as in leaves quickly constricted to a 
narrow acumen [f3, g7, s4]. 
4 acaulescent -- stemless; referring to plant with extremely short internodes [f4, g28, 972, s6]. 
5 accessory chromosome -- a supernumerary, or B-, chromosome. Its uncritical use in 
bryophyte cytology as a synonym for m-chromosome has led to inaccuracy [f196 ,g37, 
s296]. 
6 accrescent — increasing in size [f5 ,g344, 1121, s12]. 
7 acicular -- needle-shaped [f6, g693, s7]. 
8 acidophile — growing in acid habitats (opposed to basiphile) [f7, g124, 870, s]. 
9 acidophilous — acid-loving [f7, g124, 870, s8]. 
10 acinaciform — sickle-shaped [f8, g611, 923, s9]. 
11 acrandrous — with antheridia produced at apex of stem [f1058, g29, s11]. 
12 acrocarpous — with gametophy producing sporophyte at apex of a stem or main branch. 
Acrocarpous mosses generally grow erect in tufts (rather than mats) and are sparsely or 
not branched (opposed to pleurocarpous) [f9, g32, 404, s13]. 
13 acrodendrophilous -- thriving in tree tops [f1059, g30, s14]. 
14 acrogynous -- having archegonia produced at the apex of a stem or branch, accompanied by 
loss of apical cell and termination of further shoot growth (opposed to anacrogynous) 
[f10, g31, s16]. 
15 acropetal — an ascending series; tissues or organs developing or maturing from the base 
toward the apex, youngest arise at the apex (opposed to basipetal) [f11, g33, s17]. 
16 acrophilous — thriving in alpine regions [f1060 , g34, s15, 147]. 
17 acroscopic — toward the apex; applied to the triangular surface of a merophyte in direct 
contact with the apical cell (opposed to basiscopic) [f12, £35, s18]. 
18 actinomorphic — radially symmetric [f13, g36, s19]. 
19 acumen (pl. acumina) — a slender, tapering point [f14, g947, s20]. 
20 acuminate — slenderly tapered with an angle of less than 455; longer than acute [f15, g624, 
1120, s21]. 
21 acute — sharp pointed, with terminal angle less than 90? but greater than 45? [f23 , g946, 
s32] 
22 adaxial —- side toward stem or axis; ventral or upper surface of a leaf or costa (opposed to 
abaxial.) [f16, g17, s22]. 
23 adherent — having two dissimilar parts or organs in contact with one another but not fused; 
€.g., bracts and perianth of leafy liverworts (cf. coherent, adnate) [f17, g18, 60, s23]. 
24 adnate — fused together; the fusion of unlike parts, i.e. perianth and bract (cf. connate, 
adherent) [f18, g19, 1067, s24]. 
25 adventitious — plant organs produced in atypical place,i.e., rhizoids arising from leaf or 
