i ENGLISH 
costal cells [f20, g-, s277]. 
26 adventive — introduced; e.g., adventive species or, in reference to a structure that arises 
differenti ll, such as an adventive branch (Cephalozia) [f19, g20, s26]. 
ve d 
27 aerophyte -—- a plant growing on aerial parts of another plant (see epiphyte) [f21, g22, 302, 
, 
28 aeruginose -- bluish green in color [f1043 , g166, s29]. 
29 aggregate — collected together, clustered [f22, g373, s31]. 
30 air chamber — specialized internal air-containing cavity common in most complex thalloid 
liverworts; e.g., Marchantiales [f157 , g105, s156]. 
31 air pore — minute opening in the upper epidermis of most complex thalloid liverworts, 
functioning in gas exchange and water regulation; bordered by one or more rings of 
modified epidermal cells (syn. pneumathodes); breathing pore — a specialized compound 
air pore that contains 3-5 enlarged, hygroscopically active cells at the base of the barrel 
structure, allowing for closure; e.g., Pressia; compound pore — air pore bordered by both 
superficial cells arranged in concentric rings and an internal, cylindrical or barrel-shaped 
structure of epidermal origin; e.g., Marchantia; simple pore -- air pore bordered only by 
superficial cells (cf. stomata) [£777,778,779,780, g106, 1133, s904]. 
32 alar cells — referring to cells at basal margins (angles) of a leaf; these cells are often 
differentiated in size, shape or color from other leaf cells, e.g., Dicranum; see auricles 
[f160 , g157, 341, s205]. 
33 allopatric —- taxa inhabiting separate areas of distribution [f27, g38, s38]. 
34 alluvium (pl. alluvia) - mineral rich soil deposited by water (alluvial soil); e.g., soils of 
flood plain [f28, g40, s41]. 
35 alpestrine — pertaining to high mountains; regions above timberline [f29, g-apx, s39]. 
36 alpine — the arctic zone of a mountain; above timberline [f30, g41, s40]. 
37 alveolate — with depressions on the surface, sometimes applied to spores, e.g., species of 
Fossombronia; (cf. foveolate, areola) [f31, g42, s42]. 
38 amentulum (pl. amentula) — the so-called catkins of the male androecium in Sphagnum 
[f189 , g43, s43]. 
39 amorphous — shapeless, without regular or definite form [f32, g44, s44]. 
40 amphigastrium (pl. amphigastria) — underleaves in leafy liverworts; in a few mosses, 
smaller leaves on the upper (Racopilum) or lower (Helicophyllum) stem surface, variously 
differentiated from the lateral leaves; see underleaves [f33, g45, s58]. 
41 amphithecium (pl. amphithecia) — i 
iseendinsn - embracing; clasping by the base [(35, g1031, s45]. 
- amplexicaulous - clasping the stem, as the base of a leaf [f36, g47, 974, s46]. 
gynous g g Production in a lateral position on a stem, branch or 
thallus, from superficial initials and witho 
ut loss of apical cell functi 
- acrogynous) [f38, g48, s47]. P unction (opposed to 
analogous — structures or organs with similar funct; 
pes m similar functions that d 
Phylogenetic Origin; e.g., stomata 9 not have a common 
46 anastomose — union of one struct M : " dis (opposed to homologous) [(39, g49, s48] 
irregularly divided peristome teeth [f40, g50, s50]. inecting; sometimes applied to 
