E ENGLISH 
ZA "I ra 1 COMES d 
72 antical —- the dorsal surface of a stem; the leaf margin oriented towards the shoot apex of a 
longitudinal or obliquely inserted leaf (opposed to postical) [f52, g1075, s69]. 
73 anticlinal — perpendicular to the surface; radial; at right 
enrfarc, 124 t 1$. 4 4t Sheet 
distributed by the action of man [f57, g75, s73]. 
angles to the free or exposed 
to the free surface (opposed to 
ET 1 
RN 
periclinal; see transverse) [f58, g77, 70]. 
74 antrorse — direct 
p r (opposed to retrorse) [f59, g78, 1080, s74]. 
75 aperturate — a spore with one or more pores in the exine [f60, g81, s902]. 
76 aperture — an opening or hole [f61, 80, s903]. 
77 apical — at apex, summit or point of a structure [f62, g82, s83]. 
78 apical cell — a single meristematic cell at the apex of a shoot, thallus, leaf or other organ 
that divides repeatedly to form new cells [f163, g84, 881, s194]. 
7 apical lamina (pl. laminae) — in Fissidens the part of the leaf above or distal to the 
vegan and dorsal laminae [f565, 983, 343, 860, s693]. 
an deep Are 2 j 1 n 
OUR HRS 5 ation in which the apical cell is located in thalloid hepatics; 
8lapiculate - heuer auo T e Lace tO the thallus apex; e.g, Metzgeria [f319, 880, s430]. 
1f63, g1120, 84]. UR * horter; cuspidate is longer and stouter) 
as apleulus (Pl. apiculi) — a short, abrupt point [fó4, g85, 949, s85] 
iig - ANAK of sporophyte directly from gametophyte, without fusion of 
SDOrODphvtes have tha x 
npe CU Vite chrom osome number as the gametophyte from 
polar e. te been derived (I. apospory, dipiospory) (167, g8ó, 87]. 
.. "ore Spore with no distinct polarity, €.g. spores lacking a conspicuous triradiate 
5 ted pore (opposed to polar) [t928, g87, s442]. 
a UO * 
or : Am by means other than fertilization, i.e., development of sporophyte 
URSI S Bias without union of gametes; cf. apogamy; production of sporophyte 
any form of SEUWe oia ipe ventral canal cell (reported in Sphagnum), also used for 
reproduction, e.g. producti 
86 apophysis (pl. apophyses £. production of gemmae [f68, g88, s88]. 
) — a strongly differentiat i 
between seta and urn: e.g. ated, sterile neck at the base of a capsule, 
(f69,g0 sig] — ^ atodon, Polytrichum, Splachnum (see hypophysis, neck) 
apospory — dev, 
meiosis; such bismig * peuetaphgte from sporophyte tissue without intervening 
Which they have been der; chromosome num ber as the sporophyte from 
88 Feci nd DLE (cf. apogamy, diplospory) [170, g91, s89]. 
Pairs, often born "Uii : projections formed from horizontal wall- 
the presence of cilia, auri see trabeculae); sometimes used in liverworts for 
8]. a, auricles or other appendages at leaf bases [f73, g62, 93, 1018, s80, 
89 appendiculate 
— With short, thin, transy, ss 
892, s82]. ims erse projections (see appendicula, nodulose) [(74, 
close or flat agai 
together : against the stem [f75, g59, s25]. 
not overlap (also: «. more or -— touching as leaves that come near each other but do 
93 sd 
a unus. rotam) It76, 894, 92]. 
hore 
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