ENGLISH $ 
e.g.; Marchantia [f78, g95, s102]. 
94 archegonium (pl. archegonia) — female gametangium or sex organ; a multicellular, flask- 
shaped structure consisting of a stalk, venter, neck and containing an ovum (see 
etangium; syn. gynogonium) [f77, g96, s101, 566]. 
95 archesporium -— mass of cells within the capsule, ultimately giving rise to spores and 
sometimes elaters (see sporogenous, sporocyte) [f79, g97, s103]. 
96 arcnate — curved [f85, g169, 364, 380, s100]. 
97 arenicolous — growing on sand or sandy places [f80, g98, s94]. 
98 areola (pl. areolae) — small angular or polygonal surface areas differing in color or 
structure from the surrounding area, forming a pattern or network; e.g., spores of many 
Riccia species [f82, g99, s95]. 
99 areolation -- the cellular network of a leaf or thallus [f81, g100, 1105, s96]. 
100 argillicolous —- dwelling on clay [f1063, g101, s97]. 
101 arista (pl. aristae) — see awn [f83, g414, s98]. 
102 aristate — bristle-pointed; ending in an awn; with a hair-point [f84, g415, s99]. 
103 arthrodontous -- having a peristome type consisting of one or two rings of triangular or 
linear appendages (ie. teeth, segments), consisting essentially of differentially thickened 
periclinal wall-pairs (lamellae). The appendages are separated as a result of erosion or 
splitting of unthickened anticlinal walls, and are exposed with loss of the operculum. 
Transverse wall-pairs are often thickened and remain as trabeculae up the face of the 
teeth (see haplolepidous, heterolepidous, diplol pidous; opposed to nematodontous) 
[f87, g102, s106]. 
104 articulate — jointed; with thickened joints; setae with epidermal cells in distinct, even tiers 
(many leafy liverworts) [f88, g372, 698, $105]. 
105 ascending — pointing obliquely upward; away from the substrate [f89, g114, 107]. 
106 asperulous -- slightly roughened [f841, g821, s110]. 
107 assurgent -— directed upward; ascending [f89, g115, s107]. 
108 astomatous (astomous) — without stoma; i.e. capsule without stomata; an indehiscent 
capsule; without a mouth (cf. cleistocarpous) [f1064, 91, g689, s111]. 
110 athecal — without a sheath of tissue; said of exogenously developing107, collarless 
branches [f1065, g107, s112, 965]. 
111 atratous — turning black; blackened, as stems and leaves of Papillaria. [f653, g390, 910, 
112 attenuate — slenderly tapering [f92, g1065, s1 13]. 
113 auricle -- a small, ear-like lobe; often present at the basal margins of leaf in mosses; eg., 
Papillaria, Calyptothecium, Climacium (see alar cells); also on thalli and other organs in 
liverworts [f683, g714, s114]. 
114 auriculate — with auricles [f93, g385, s1 15]. 
5 austral — southern; of the Southern Hemisphere [f94, g995, s116]. 
116 autoicous — with archegonia and antheridia in separate clusters (g. ) on the 
same plant; cladautoicous — with the androecium on separate branch; gonioautoicous — 
with the androecium bud-like and axillary on the same stem or branch as the gynoecium; 
pseudautoicous — with dwarf male plants epiphytic on the female; rhizautoicous — with 
the androecium on a very short branch attached to the female stem by rhizoids and 
appearing to be a separate plant; (see synoicous, paroicous, dioicous, monoicous) [the 
t 
