ENGLISH 9 
175 cancellina (pl. cancellinae) —- large, empty, and usually hyaline basal leaf cells 
quens puto ose found in leaves of pottioid families such as 
where the hyalocysts form a well-marked lattice-like 
región [f138, g406, 545, si64]. 
176 canescent — grey or hoary; usually caused by long hyaline leaf awns, e.g Grimmia [f139, 
g417, s165]. 
177 capillary —- slender, hairlike; i.e., capillary bristles [f140, g429, s170]. 
178 capitate — forming a head; rounded and compact [f141, g600, s171]. 
179 capitulum (pl. capitula) — head; e.g., Sphagnum [f142, g586, s172]. 
180 capsule — the sporangium; terminal spore-producing part of the sporophyte; in most 
mosses it is differentiated into an apical operculum, central urn (spore-bearing region) 
and a sterile basal neck or hypophysis; in most liverworts and hornworts it is a uniform 
structure containing spores and elaters or pseudoelaters [f143, g546, s173]. 
181 capsule valve — see valve [f1035, g547, s1144]. 
181a carina - see keel [f144, g564, s174]. 
182 carinate —- with a keel; e.g., leaves of some species of Fontinalis and Schistochila [f145, 
, $175]. 
183 carneous -- flesh-colored [f146, g337, 538, 176]. 
184 carnose — fleshy; soft and thick [f186, g338, s177]. 
185 carpocephalum (pl. carpocephala) -- the sporogonial receptacle in most complex thalloid 
hepatics; e.g., Marchantiales [f185, g586, 834, s178]. 
186 cartilaginous — firm and tough, often somewhat hyaline [f148, g582, s180]. 
187 castaneous — chestnut-colored; dark brown [f188, g551, s182]. 
188 catenulate — chain-like; e.g., arrangement of leaves on the stem of A/oinella and some 
species of Leskeaceae [f149, g562, $183]. 
190 caulescent — having a stem (opposed to acaulescent) [f152, g553, s186]. 
191 caulidium (pl. caulidia) —- the main stem of mosses and leafy liverworts; (see stem) [f153, 
g554, 967, s187]. 
192 cauline -- of the stem [f154, g968, s188]. 
193 caulis (pl. caules) — stem [f151, g967, $185]. 
194 caulogenic initial -- a stem or branch initial [f535, g555, s196]. 
195 caulonema (pl. caulonemata) -- the secondary, bud-generating part of the filamentous 
moss protonema, typically reddish-brown, having few chloroplasts and consisting of long 
cells with oblique end walls (cf. chloronema, protonema) [f155, £556, s189]. 
195a cavernose — with cavities; e.g. hornwort thalli [f156, g374, $190]. 
196 cell lineage — see lineage pattern [f585, g8, 1104, s716]. 
197 central cells — see guide cells [f166, g201, 1107, s208]. 
198 central strand — a small group of elongate cells forming a central axis of some stems and 
thallii, usually colored and thin-walled in transverse section; also called axial strand [f393, 
g1106, 5281]. 
199 cernuous -- nodding or drooping [f716, g702, s218]. 
201 channelled — hollowed out like a gutter and semicircular in cross-section (cf. keeled) 
[f136, g850, s5, 162]. 
202 chartaceous -- papery in texture, e.g., leaves of Ptychomnion [f703, g729, s179]. 
203 chasmocolous -- dwelling in crevices or cracks [f187, g187, s181]. 
