ENGLISH 47 
perennating tissue, allowing for aestivation and subsequent continued growth or 
vegetative reproduction; e.g., Petalophyllum; (in mosses) gemmae born on rhizoids 
(rhizoidal gemmae), found in many acrocarpous mosses; e.g., Bryum [f1015, g-, s1120]. 
1089a tuberculate — with peg-like projections; e.g., papillae on the basal cells of Macromitrium 
[f1016, g471, 581, s1119]. 
1089b tubercule — peg-like projection; in moss leaves, strictly mamillae with strongly 
thickened walls and occluded lumen; in liverworts, intracellular wall projections in 
rhizoids; see tuberculate, tuberculate rhizoid [f1015, g1100, s1120]. 
1090 tuberculate rhizoid — rhizoid with uniformly dispersed intracellular wall projections or 
tubercles that increase the surface area per unit volume; in some thalloid liverworts; e.g., 
Marchantiales, Monocleales (syn. pegged rhizoids) [f860, g1101, $1003]. 
1091 tubular -- cylindrical and apparently hollow [f1017, g855, s1121]. 
1092 tubulose — tubelike, usually referring to leaves with strongly incurved or broadly 
overlapping leaf margins; e.g., Campylopus [f1018, g855, s1122]. 
1093 tufa — a porose limestone formed by deposition from calcareous waters 
(didymodontolith); e.g., Didymodon [f1019, g1025, s1100]. 
1094 tuft — growth form with stems erect but radiating at the edges; small cushions; caespitose 
habit; e.g., Orthotrichum [f997, g899, $738 
1095 tumid — inflated, swollen [f1020, g109, s1123]. 
1096 turbinate — shaped like an old-fashioned top, obconic [f1021, g1061, s1126]. 
1097 turf — growth form with stems erect, parallel and close together; often covering extensive 
areas; e.g., Bryum argenteum |f446, g819, s220]. 
1098 turgid — plump or swollen [f1022, g5, 911, s1127]. 
1099 tympanum (pl. tympana) — see epiphragm [f1023, g738, s1098]. 
U 
1100 u-shaped thickenings — see semiannular thickenings [f350, g1026, s394]. 
1101 ubiquitous — occurring everywhere [f1024, g1027, s1128]. 
1102 umbonate — convex with an abrupt, rounded, central point [f231, g183, s1130]. 
1103 uliginose — inhabiting swamps [f1025, g684, 685, s1129]. 
1104 umbraticolous — growing in shady places [fi115, g1030, s1131]. 
1105 uncinate — hooked; tip bent in the form of a hook [f1026, g437, s1132]. 
1106 underleaf — ventral, variously modified leaf in most leafy liverworts (syn. amphigastria) 
[f33, g1041, s632]. 
1107 undulate — wavy [f677, g1088, s808]. 
1108 unequal — dissimilar; applied to objects of different sizes or shapes; e.g., vaginant lamina 
of some Fissidens species or leaf lobes in leafy liverworts [f529, g1039, s329]. 
1109 unguiculate — ending in a point similar to an animal claw [f678, g697, s1133]. 
1110 unilateral — one-sided [f1027, g263, 1135]. 
1111 unipapillose — with a single papilla per cell [f630, g731, s1136]. 
1112 uniseriate — in one series; applied to a hair-like structure comprised of a single row of 
cells; leaf cell papillae in a single row; e.g., Floribundaria [f1028, g260, s1137]. 
