6 
EXPLANATION OF TERMS. 3 
to be replaced by asmooth rounded protuberance behind the eye. (Plate 
i., Fig. 14, oc.; Plate viii., Fig. 2,%,m; Plate xxi., Fig. 2, 6.) 
Ovisac. The cottony bag or nest formed by certain species of Lecanidine and 
Coccidine for the reception of their eggs. (Plate xii, Fig. 1, a, 6, ¢; 
Plate xix., a, 0, ¢.) 
Pedwnele, pedunculated. A stalk; stalked. 
Pellicle. The skin of an earlier stage, cast off at each metamorphosis; used by 
_ the Diaspidine and by one genus of Lecanidine in the formation of the 
puparium or test. (Plate i., Fig. 3, a, b, Plate vil., Fig. 2, 0.) 
Polymerous. Many-jointed. 
pa. The last stage of the male insect before emerging winged. 
Pruparium. The shield, covering, or “ scale” of the Diaspidine. (Plate i., Fig. 
3, e; Plates iv., v., vi.) 
Rostral sete. Three or, in a few cases, four long, fine, curling, tubular bristles 
springing from the rostrum, and often passing through a mentum; used for 
insertion into the tissues of a plant and sucking their contents. (Plate i., 
Fig. 5; Plate vi., only one being here shown, from the smallness of the 
drawings.) 
Rostrum. A more or less conical, tubular, projecting organ, or beak, protruding 
from the underside of the cephalic region, or between the first pair of feet. 
It is absent in the adult female Cwlostoma. It is the “mouth” of theinsect. 
(Plate i., Fig.5; Plate iv., Fig. 5.) 
Sac. The cottony, bag-like covering or nest produced by the spinnerets and 
concealing the insect in many of the Coccidine and some Lecanidine. 
(Plate xv., Fig. 1,c; Fig. 2, 0.) 
Scale. The shield or puparium of the Diaspidine. The word is commonly 
used to designate the outward appearance of insects of the whole family, 
which are indiscriminately called “ scale-insects,” although many of them 
form no shield whatever. 
Secretion may be of various kinds. It is matter produced by internal organs, and 
expelled through the ‘‘ spinnerets.” In the Diaspidine the secreted portion 
of the puparium (that is, all except the pellicles) is made up of fine, closely- 
woyen fibres, forming the “scale.” In the Lecanidine it probably exudes 
originally as fine fibres, but these become agglomerated in some cases in a 
waxy or horny mass, or in others are loosely collected as cotton. In the 
Coccidine the secretion is usually cottony, or powdery like meal. 
Celostoma secretes all three—wax, cotton, and meal. In some instances, 
as In Carteria lacca, of Africa, the wax, called “shellac,” is abundant 
enough to be commercially valuable; or, as in the Chinese Hricerus Pe-la 
it can be used for making candles. 
Seta. A bristle—a, long stiff hair. 
Setose. Bearing a few bristles. 
Spinnerets. Organs observed in various parts of the body, producing the waxy, 
cottony, or mealy matter. They consist of cylindrical internal tubes, some- 
times ending on the skin, sometimes protruding outside it in the form of 
tubes, spines, or conical hairs. In the former case the orifices show them to be 
in some instances simple, and in others compound tubes.* In the Diaspidina, 
besides being scattered over the body, the spinnerets are arranged in groups 
on the last abdominal segment, and these groups afford excellent characters 
* Minute anatomical details are unsuitable for this work, The student may consult 
Targioni-Tozzetti, “ Studie sulle Cocciniglie,” cap. i1., p. 26. 
