12 INSECTS NOXIOUS TO AGRICULTURE. 
4, The full-grown insect. Were there is almost unlim*ted 
variety of form, colour, and habits. The insects may be naked 
or covered, active or stationary. In the Diaspidine the process 
just described is repeated : the female slips out of her second 
skin, but still keeps both it and the first over her, adding more 
fibrous secretion from the spinnerets ; so that, in fact, she hes an 
inert, legless, slug-like object, under a covering composed partly 
of the two skins, partly of secretion. (See Plate i., Fig. 3: @ is 
the discarded larval skin, 8 the discarded skin of the second 
stage, both being used as part of the shield. In the genus 
Aspidiotus these skins would be in the centre instead of at one 
end.) In the Lecanidine (except in one single genus) and the 
Coccidine the second skin is discarded altogether ; but the insect 
may either construct a new shield or remain naked, may be 
either with or without legs, either active or stationary. Once 
this last stage of her existence entered upon, the female prepares 
for laymg her eggs. In most species the services of a male are 
needed ; in some, as far as can be made out after investigation 
of many years, no males are found. The female, if naked, 
either hatches her eggs in her own body or lays them on the 
plant; if covered, she fills her shield with the eggs. The naked 
insects often cover the eggs themsclves—e.g., Lecanium hemi- 
sphericum ; or, again, deposit them im an ovisac, a mass of 
cottony sccretion—c.g., Pulvinaria camellicola or Icerya purchasi. 
Il. Tae Maze Inszcr. 
It has been remarked above that, as the full-grown males of 
the Coccidide are destitute of any organs for feeding whatso- 
ever, there is no reason for making systematic attacks on them 
for economical purposes. Their function is simply to impregnate 
the females, and their hfe at this stage must necessarily be very 
brief. It will suffice in this place to observe that in all cases 
these males are small, two-winged flies, their size varying from 
about yin. to yin. in length; colour usually yellow or red ; 
wings longer than the body, hyalme (glassy) and often 
iridescent, and, in repose, lying flat, partly crossing each other 
The antenne are long, slender, and hairy, consisting of nine or 
ten jomts. The legs are also slender and hairy, the tarsus 
having only one joint, and terminating in a single claw. The 
insects are generally very active. Types of antenna, foot, wing 
and haltere, and a diagram of the arrangement of the eyes and 
ocellt, are given in Plate i1., Figs. 7, 12, 18, 14, 15, 17. 
