BCALE-INSECTS. 29 
method. Here, again, it is desired not only to kill the insects 
themselves, but also to devitalize the eggs; but in this case the 
work is much harder, for the eggs are especially difficult to 
reach. Still, there is this advantage: that in dealing with ever- 
greens the season of the year need not be specially studied, and, 
in default of touching the eggs, one may get at the young larvee. 
The remedy is again a fluid, but it must be applied in the form 
of spray. Coccids are sometimes found on the upper surfaces of 
leaves, but as a rule they affect the lower sides. This, of 
course, renders it much more difficult to get at them; and the 
ordinary rose of a garden syringe would not, as a general thing, 
distribute the fluid in a sufficiently-fine form. The finer the 
spray and the more it is forced imto every corner and nook of 
the plant the better. Various force-pumps and spray-throwers 
have been invented for this purpose in the United States; but 
probably tree-growers in this country need only procure the 
finest possible rose for their syringes, and use them in the 
ordinary way. The fluid should be thrown as thoroughly as 
possible on all parts of the plant, every care being taken to 
direct it most fully against the under sides of the leaves. 
The work, then, to be done is in itself simple enough. <A 
destructive fluid must be selected and applied according to the 
character of the msect and its position on the tree. For covered 
or naked insects on the bark, apply it with a hard, stiff brush ; 
for covered or naked insects on the leaves, apply it, the form 
of the finest spray thoroughly forced as much as possible into 
every nook and cranny, and especially against the under side of 
‘the leaves. 
The question, “ What is the best fluid to use?” is more 
complicated. Many answers have been given to it: many fluids 
have been strongly recommended by different people. It must 
be well remembered that, as stated above, a sure and sovereign 
remedy has yet to be discovered, and failure may attend even 
the best suggested at present. Bearimg this im mind, tree- 
growers will find in the following list the result of the experience 
of a number of observers, which may serve as a useful guide. 
It does not profess to be more than a summary, compiled from 
the researches of entomologists such as Mr. Comstock, Professor 
Riley, Mr. Hubbard; from suggestions by gardeners and others, 
embodied in various parliamentary and private documents ; and 
from actual observation and experiment in this country: but it 
