SCALE-INSECTS. 69 
Test of male much narrower than that of the female, hay- 
ing an irregularly rectangular edge with deep curvilinear de- 
pressions. It is glassy, white and shining, flat beneath and 
elevated above, and marked with numerous horizontal striz. 
The upper central portion is sometimes flat, sometimes an 
irregular mass of the glassy secretion. On the lower side there 
is often a plate of secretion, so that the pupa is almost entirely 
enclosed. 
The adult female fills the test, shrivelling up after gestation : 
it 1s consequently flat beneath, convex above, with general out- 
line of Lecanidinee. The spiracular spines are very long and. 
conspicuous ; from their base a double row of minute circular 
spinneret orifices runs as far as the spiracle, with two or three 
outlying ones at the base of the spine; and a single row of the 
same kind of orifices runs across the body to the spiracle on the 
other side. Along the edge of the body there is a series of 
conical sharp spimes; and scattered all over are many tubular 
projecting spinnerets. The abdominal cleft is deep, and the two 
lobes are conspicuous on the dorsal side; these lobes are not 
smooth, but irregular, and each bears at the end three or four 
strong spines. The antenne have six joints; but the third jomt 
often looks like two on account of the false division or depressed 
ring: the last joint has several long hairs. Feet normal; the 
upper digitules fine long hairs, the lower pair very broad. The 
anal ring bears a number of long hairs, of which eight seem to 
be conspicuous. The colour of the insect is a golden brown ; 
diameter averaging 7);in. 
The second stage of the female is normal of the genus, show- 
ing the wavy outline, somewhat strongly marked in many speci- 
mens, but not conspicuous in others. ‘The spiracular spines are 
prominent, and a row of conical spines runs round the edge of 
the body, as in the adult. The test is at first very thin and 
brittle, and with a fringe of broad, shallow segments ; but after- 
wards becomes thicker, and in the end, before the change to the 
final stage, it approaches almost the form of the waxy test of an 
adult Ceroplastes. 
The young insect is normal. 
The adult male is normal of the genus. The legs are very 
long and slender; the four digitules are fine hairs. At the 
extremity of the tibia there is a strong spine. Abdominal spike, 
or sheath of the penis, slightly curved, with a seta on each side 
