SCALE-INSECTS. 107 
presence of the marginal tufts and spinneret tubes in the female, 
and in other particulars. The male of J. sacchari has not been 
described. The male of J. Purchasi is probably quite distinct. 
This species is supposed to have come originally from Aus- 
tralia. It has been very injurious to orange and lemon trees at 
the Cape of Good Hope and in California. In Auckland it has 
destroyed whole orchards of the same trees, and in Nelson and 
Hawke’s Bay it is a dreadful pest on all kinds of plants. 
Tree-growers should especially beware of this insect, and 
the best plan to adopt would be to burn at once any tree found 
infested with it. 
Genus: C(HLOSTOMA, Maskell. 
N.Z. Trans., Vol. XII., 1889, p. 294. 
Adult females with antenne of eleven joints; segmented ; 
naked, active; at gestation becoming stationary and enclosed in 
a thick mass of white cottony secretion. Anal tubercles absent 
or inconspicuous. Rostrum and mentum absent in the adult 
female. 
Males with prominent, facetted eyes; ocelli absent. <Ab- 
domen without tassels. 
In one New Zealand species the female in the second stage 
is stationary, enclosed in a thick, hard mass of waxy secretion, 
of which some account is given in Chap. III. The other 
species included in this work inhabits a remote and scarcely 
visited district, and the female has not hitherto been found ; it 
is not possible therefore to include the excretion of wax and the 
stationary position amongst the generic characters at present. 
This genus is allied to Porphyrophora, Brandt, and to 
Monophlebus, Leach ; differmg from the former by the presence 
of an zsophagal orifice, and from the latter by the absence of 
tassels on the abdomen of the male. In the genus Ortonia, 
Signoret, the female possesses a rostrum and mentum. 
66. CaLostoMA ZEALANDICUM, Maskell. 
NZ; Trans.; Vol. XI, 1879, p. 294; Vol. X1V., 1881, p. 
226 ;. Vol. XVI., 1883, p. 141. 
(Plate XX.; Plate XXI., Fig. 1.) 
Adult female brick-red, elongated, distinctly segmented, 
convex ; length about sin. ; before gestation active, naked or 
