50° 
publithed his Meioir with all the details, 
wherein the limits of a fimple notice do 
Not ‘permit-us to follow him, the learned 
will pronounce between the judgment of 
New Patents lately Enrolled. 
[Feb 4, 
Montfaucon and the luminous explication 
of which thsre is given here only a very 
fuccin& analy fis. 
NEW PATENTS LATELY ENROLLED. 
— 
Asstract of the Specification of a 
Patent, granted on the 5th of Fune, 
E801, to Mr. Wittram CHapMany of 
Newcajile upox Tyne, for the ‘* Applica- 
tion of certain fubjtances, either feparately 
or combined, as a prefervation for cord- 
age; waich fubfiances beimg injuluble in 
water, or very imperfelly foluble, will, 
when ufed in the manufacture of cordage, 
be the means of making it more durable tha 
zt bas hitherto been.” ~ 
] T being well known that cordage, ex- 
A pofed to great heat, as it neceflarily mutt 
in hot climates, frequently becomes ulelefs 
i two or three years, and fometimes lefs, 
from a fpecies of deftrugtion, called by 
feamen the dry rot, becaufe the rope, 
looking well to the eye, and no way 
injured by moiiture, is found to have its 
yatns quite rotten. It is alfo known 
that fopes expofed to water foon-lofe the 
tar with which they are covered; which 
circumftance quickly takes place in warm 
climates, and (hallow water ; under which 
predicament that element becomes conii- 
derably more heated tham it is in the 
ocean in the fame latitude, and its effect 
ts quickly fhewn upon a new cable, as the 
part lying under water is foon covered 
with a flime arifing from the felution of 
the tar. The firft of thofe diforders (the 
dry rot) Mr. Chapman attributes to a fu- 
perabundant acid which is diftngaged 
from the tar when expofed to heat. 
The other deficiency in ropes prepared 
with common tar, clearly arifes from that 
dubiance containing a mucilage or gum, 
along with its refinoas matter, which lat- 
ter is infoluble in water. The remedy, 
the patentee propofes for both thefe evils, 
ig very fimple, and is effeted during the 
necellary infpiffation of tar to that ftate in 
which it is ufed inthemanufacture of ropes. 
The common procefs is by boiling the 
tar, until it has thrown off fo much of its 
eflential oil as to come to the fate in 
which it. is wanted.—In ftead of which, 
Mr. Chapman propofes to boil the tar in 
water, {wo or three times, until it. nearly 
alias the neceflary degree of-infpifation. 
= z 
perabundant acid, and parts with much 
of its mucilage to the water; and by a 
fecond procels it is rendered fit for ufe. 
Seamen, accuftomed to hot climates, expe- 
rience that tarred ropes, although fuffici« 
ently pliable whilft there, become rigid 
on their return, to cold countries ; which 
fometimes occafions the lofs of fails by 
the breaking of the ropes which form 
their borders. Thefe ropes, which are 
called bolt-ropes, the patentee propofes to 
prepare with infpiflated grofs oils, mixed 
if requilite with a {mall quantity of refin. 
He.alfo prepares cranc-ropes .in the fame 
manner, fo as to prevent their receiving 
injury from the weather, and yet keep 
them always pliable. 
The caufe of the rigidity of tarred 
ropes, aiter expofure to heat, is the diffipa- 
tion of. the effential oil of the tar. To 
prevent this inconvenience, Mr. Chapman 
propofes that his purified tar fhould be 
more infpiffated than if ufed by itfelf, and _ 
that a due proportion of tallow, fuet,. 
whale-oil, rape oil, or other fixed oil, be 
mixed. withthe tar, and that the oils ~ 
fhould preyioufly be deprived of their mu- 
cilage after the fame procefs as the tar. 
The. utility of this invention to the na- 
vy and merchant fhips of thefe kingdoms, 
muft evidently be very confiderable. 
— Ee 
MISS YOUNG’S PATENT for 4m APPA-— 
RATUsS for teaching the PRINCIPLES of 
MUSIC iz CHILDRENS’ GAMES. 
Mifs Ann Younc, of St. James’s 
fquare, Edinburgh, has lately obtained a 
patent for an apparatus, by which chil-— 
dren, even fo early as at eight years of . 
age, may be infruéted, in the way of an 
amufing game, in the fundamental prin- 
ciples of mufic. 
This apparatus confifts of an oblong 
fquare box, which, when opened, prefents 
two faces or tables, and of various dice, . 
pins, counters, &c. contained within that 
box. By-the means of this box with-its 
dice, counters, and pins, fix different — 
games of amufement may be played. 
Thete games are contrived to familiarize_ 
to the young mind all the mufical keys 
or modulations of the fignatuzes, rare 
aR 
