1802.] State of Arts, Manners, Sc. in Edinburgh and Leith, 
others. The words in dead are obfolef- 
cent, thofe in hood retain their popula- 
rity: but there is no fenfible difference in 
the fignificance of the terminations. De- 
riving from adh, caput, perfona, (we yet 
fay, ** a majority told by the head,”’) an 
idea of perfonality attaches to this fylla- 
ble, on which account Godhead, maiden- 
head, youthhzad, merit, becaufe compati- 
ble with fuch idea, and, if I miftake not, 
are obtaining, an exception from the exile 
which awaits the other words indead. Nei- 
ther livelihead, nor livelihood, falls within 
the limits of grammatical correctnefs ; as 
lively does fignify vivacious, livelihead 
has, however, fome pretenfions to mean 
vivacity; but as it never fignifies ibrifty, 
livelihood fox thrift, maintenance, 1s a word 
altogether barbarous and intolerable, al- 
though ufed by Clarendon, by Addifon, 
and by South. : 
Lore.—This word (which is derived 
from the obdfolete to lear, to teach, and 
fignifies doctrine) might conveniently have 
been applied to the formation of many 
words, which we now take from the 
Greek, as meteorology, weather-lore; phi- 
lology, fpeach-lore , and fo forth. 
(To be continued.) 
a 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
STATE of ARTS, MANNERS, @c. in 
EDINBURGH afd LEITH. 
(Concluded from Page 502, of Vol. XII.) 
HE fifh-markets of Edinburgh and 
Leith are abundantly fupplied with 
cod, haddocks, whitings, flounders, foles, 
fkates, turbots, oyfters, cockles, mufcles, 
clamps, limpets, &c. from the fillings in 
the Frith, at almoft all times in the year. 
Thefe fithes afford a vaft refource for the 
‘ fubfiftence of the poor ;—as a poor man 
may generally have a dinner of freth white 
fifh for what a dinner of beef or mutton 
would coft. Dried white-fifh is at all 
times plentiful inthe Edinburgh markets, 
and ata very cheap price. Salmon and 
trout are brought from Stirling, from 
Perth, from Kinrofs, &c. The price of 
falmon in Edinburgh is rarely lower than 
in London. ‘Trouts might be obtained in 
great plenty and of the beft quality from 
the inland lakes, if the demand for them 
were greater, and the means of carriage 
more convenient. Herrings, the pride of 
the Scottifh feas, were not till within thefe 
Jaft ten or twelve years taken in confider- 
able quantity within the Frith of Forth ; 
though, around all Scotland, from the ex- 
tremities of this frith on the one fide ta 
the Solway Frithon the ether, good quan- 
bs 
tities of them were annually caught. But. 
within thefe lait ten years, herrings have. 
beentaken in the mouth of the Forth in 
a plenty furpaffing all imagination. For 
immediate ufe, in their frefh fate ; for pre- 
fervation in jars, in vinegar and {pices, af- 
ter previous boiling, to be eaten cold; for 
drying in kilns and over {moke, to be pre- 
ferved in that ftate in which they are called 
red-herrings; to be put up in brine, with . 
a very {trong falt pickle, and in barrels; 
for ufe alfo, for the extraction of oil from 
their livers; and to be applied immedi« 
ately, with lime, in the manufa&ure of 
foap—thefe herrings are, to this town 
and its environs, a fund of wealth more 
truely valuable than if the richeft gold and 
filver mines had been fuddenly difcovered, 
opened and wrought, in a fituation equal- 
ly near to ufe. During the late fearcity, 
and in the whole decline of trade and in- 
duftry by the.war, the poor of Edinburgh 
have found in herrings a cheap refource 
for the moft nourifhing and wholefome fuf- 
tenance. ‘Fhoughout ali South Britain, 
great relief to the poor has been derived 
by the importation of herrings from the 
Frith of Forth. It is common, during 
the feafon of taking the herrings, for a 
fingle fifherman, having the fixth fhare of 
a boat, and in no refpeét {uperior-to a 
common failor or a common Jabourer in 
hufbandry, to earn not lefs than from 
sl. to rol. fterling a night! or fometimes 
even to 2ol. anight! and this fora fuc- 
ceflion of feveral months in the year. The 
tacks of herrings in the Frith of Forth 
have actually added, within thefe few 
years, between 200,000]. and 300,c00l, 
a year to the value of the induftry pro- 
ductive of the firft neceffaries of lite, which 
is here exercifed. The fithermen are not 
entirely of Edinburgh, Leith and New- 
haven. From the whole caftern coatts, 
they repair to take herrings in the Forth; 
and from Stranraer and other places on 
the weft coaft, after going, firft to the 
earlier fifhery among the Hebridian Ifles, 
the fifhermen of thofe parts are wont to 
come, in November, by the canal from 
the Clyde, to thare in the advantages of 
the tack of herrings in this frith. No- 
thing has, of late, contributed more emi- 
nently than this fifhery to the profperity 
of Edinburgh and the villages adjacent. 
The porters, chairmen, cadies or errand- 
men,and labourers in common ruftic work, 
with the carters, hackney-coachmen, hair- 
dreflers, and domeftic male-fervants in 
Edinburgh, compote no inconfiderable 
part of the population; and are {upported 
at, tor the whole, a large expence, of which 
not 
