1801.) 4 Sketch of Vienna and the Manners of its Inhabitants. 315. 
unfortunate children, and there is an efta- 
blifhment for providing for old people, and 
.. fathers of families who cannot earn their 
fubfiltence. Still, however, there are Beg- 
gars, and this part of police is not brought 
to fuch perfection as at Hamburg, and 
fome few other towns on the. Continent. 
The people of Vienna are induftrious, 
though by no means equal, in this refpect, 
to the Englith. The town and fuburbs 
contain a great variety of manufactures, 
particularly in filk. In no place is em: 
broidery more encouraged, though thefe 
articles have loft much of their demand 
from the preffing neceffities of the war ; 
and both workmen are /carce, and the raw 
materials, eipecially the Italian filk, are 
become very dear. The people of Vienna 
likewife excel in- manufactures of fteel, 
carriages of ail forts, filk ribbands, har- 
nefs, faddles, &c... There are, however, 
very few manufaétured articles exported). 
but only raw materials. 
The Academy of Arts is divided into 
feven claffes, each of which has its own 
Profeffor. There is one for objects rela- 
tive to manufacture, another for hiftorical 
painting, for taking views from rural 
fcenery, for fculpture, for archite&ture, for 
fculpture on metal, and for engraving on 
copper. Each clafs contains a large num- 
ber of {cholars. 
ing rural {cemery, makes a weekly excur- 
fion during the fummer: into the country 
around the town, along with his fcholars, 
to exercife them in-their art. Many of 
thefe Profeffors have attained confiderable 
celebrity. - The Gallery of Painting of 
the Prince of Lichtenftein, and the Belve- 
dere, are very magnificent. 
The art of ornamental gardening has, 
of late. years, made very great progrefs ; 
fo that it would be difficult to find any 
where, except in England, fo many gar- 
dens laid out in excellent tafte, as in the 
neighbourhood of this capital. | 
In a country, where the memory of a 
Gluck and a Mozart is fo much cherifhed, 
and which poffeffes a Haydn, and fo many 
other eminent compofers, mufic cannot 
fail to'be highly cultivated. A talte for 
this fine art pervades every clafs of people. 
‘There are a number of circles where a con- 
cert never fails to form part of the even- 
ing’s amufement. Indeed a ftranger is of- 
ten fatigued with the many hours that are 
devoted to this entertainment. 
The German theatre at Vienna has al- 
ways enjoyed a great reputation, and has 
Jong been the beft in Germany. The 
Italian comic operas are alfo in general 
very well performed. Alimoft every one 
The Profeflor for paint- | 
of the fuburbs has its theatre. The tafte 
which the people of Vienna have-for ballets 
has been formed by the pains taken at the 
principal theatre to engage capital dan- 
cers, fo that the public are not to be Ya-’ 
tisfied except by great excellence in this 
kind of performance. 
Literature does not flourifh here. It ig 
neither the capital of the Empire, nor any 
part of the fouth of Germany, that can 
entitle the Germans to the appellation of 
a learned nation. Peterfburg and Rome 
excepted, there is no town, perhaps, in 
which the- lift of prohibited books is. fo 
large as at Vienna, ote 
The town, however, contains a large 
univerfity, and a (plendid collection of 
manufcripts and works, all purely literary 
or {cientific. 
veral eminent men who may difpute the 
palm of learning with any in Europe; but 
the privileges of {cience are-very difficult 
to obtain here, the examinations being 
very numerous, and full of that kind of 
argumentation which is quite foreign to 
genuine fcience. Very few journals are 
read in Vienna, and they are rarely to be 
met with in public places; and books of 
fcience are very difficult to be obtained. ° 
In fuch an order of things, which is 
doubtlefs kept up from fyftem, nothing 
great can be expe¢ted in literature or the 
arts. Every bud of genius is deftroyed 
in the birth, and no encouragement is 
given to rifing talents. 
It is remarkable, however, that modern 
Greek is much cultivated here. It em- 
ploys, at prefent, three prefles ; and there 
are Greeks who tranflate into their own 
language a variety of German, Italian, 
and French works. They likewife pub- 
lifh Greek almanacks and gazettes. 
Whether it is from a partiality to the 
Englifh, or a-diflike to the French, we 
know not, but it is now more than ever 
the cuftom for the nobility and gentry to 
teach their children Englith; fo that it is 
not uncommon to fee young ladies going 
to ma{s with the prayer-book in ufe among 
the Englith Catholics. 
We may here obferve that an Englifh- 
man, whatever be -his condition, enjoys, 
from long cuitom, the privilege of being 
prefented to court by the refident minifter 
from his country, and confequently an ac- 
cefs to the firft circles, which has often 
given rife to very fingular and entertaining 
adventures. 
Befides the univerfity, there are a nume 
ber of large fchools, where every thing re- 
lating to commerce is taught at a very 
moderate rate. In general, however, the 
{2 bufinefe 
There are, it is true, fe-. 
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