404 
cafes. fpell forme? Former again ftands 
both for ** he who forms,’ and for the 
comparative of fore. Why not in the 
Jatt cafe employ foremore, which is the 
regular comparative? To ule formef for 
Soremofi would not be more anomalous, 
than to ule former for foremore: in the 
common antithefis, ** former and latter,’ 
both the adjeCtives are impurely inflected. 
Freax:—it may Be doubted, whether 
this word ought not to be fpelled freck, as 
it feems to be the etymon of the frequenta- 
tive verb freckle, and of the adjective 
jreckly, "The common fubftantive freckle 
is probably a corruption of the diminutive 
Jrecilet. 
—a 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
of ARTS, Ge. in 
EDINBURGH amd LEITH. 
LLOW me to add the capital of 
i-\ Scotland tu thofe towns and cities 
of which the prefent {tate has been, with 
fo much valuable information, illuftrated 
in the Monthly Magazine. 
The Anglo-$ 
STATE MANNERS, 
permanent military fiation on the rock on 
which the Caftle of Edinburgh fill ands. 
Fer fome centuries fol'owing, here was no 
town but what ftood within the immediate 
precinéis of the caftle. It was not till long 
after the Scots and Pi&s from the north 
and north-weft of the Forth had fubdued 
the fouthern country, nearly to the prefent 
-border of England, that the Scottifh 
Kings began to refide, for a_part of the 
year, at Edinburgh;—as wellas at Dun- 
termline, Stirling, and Linlithgow. David 
the Firft founded the monattery of the 
Holy-reod, at about a mile’s diftance 
fouth-eaft trom the fite of the caftle; and, 
from that time, ‘the vicinity of a religious 
community toa military ftrong-hold began 
to give rile to the exiftence ofa town be- 
tween them, that was-fo become, at 
Jensth, confiderable. The firft buildings 
of the town, which extended beyond the 
precinéis of the caftle, were framed chiefly 
of wood ; were covered on the roof with 
turf, ese 
an irregular line along the ridge which 
runs from the Caftle-hill to that which is 
ftill called the Abbey. As the inhabitants 
became more numérous, the fireets and 
Janes were extended on the fouth, on the 
weft, and on the fouth-eaft of the High- 
fireet; and the Graflmarket, the Canon- 
gate, the Cowgate, were gradually filled 
with buildings, The acclivity which 
axons of Northumberland, 
as carly as the fixth century, eftablifhed a’ 
heath and ferns; and lay in - 
State of Aris, Manners, Sc. in Edinburgh and Leith. [Dee. 1; 
rifes feuthward from the Cowgate, was 
more loofely occupied by religious houfess 
and the refidences of fome of the nobility, 
and ether attendants on the-court. The 
walls comprehended the High-ftreet, the 
Cowgate, and the fouthern elevation to a 
fmall diftance beyond where the buildings 
of the college and the infirmary at prefent 
fland. 
local effablifhment in Edinburgh, this 
town may be confidered as having pro 
perly become, and not before, the capital 
ofthe kingdom. It was greatly enlarged 
and improved during the reign of James 
the Sixth (the Firft of England). The 
acceffion of thelineof the Scottith Kings to. 
the Englifh throne, inftead of interrupt- 
ing the profperity of Edinburgh as a me- 
tropolis, feems rather to have advanced 
it. Edinburgh became, henceforth, the 
permanent féat of Government for Scct- 
land, and the centre of correfpondence for 
all the-reft of the kingdom with the 
Court in England. Befides, the inftitu- 
tion of the college by-King James, and 
that of the High School, were fuch events 
as could. not but advantageoutly influence 
‘the growth of the city. Even during the 
civil wars and the ufurpation of Cromwell, 
Edinburgh, though, perhapss not another 
town in Scotland, ftill continued to thrive. 
‘After the Reftoration, many new and. 
lofty edifices were built in it; and at be- 
gan to experience a livelineis of trade to 
which it had been hitherto a ftranger. 
That trade was greatly enlivened in con« 
fequence of the Revolution. From the 
wera of the Revolution to that of the 
Union, the buildings and. the wealth of 
Edinburgh appear to have been very much 
enlarged. By the immediate confequences 
of the Union, the profperity of the Scottifh 
capital was, for a while, interrupted. It. 
was not effectually renewed till after the. 
rebellion-of 2745) ee fuppreffed. From — 
that period till the acceffion of George the 
Third, many bold proje&ts were conceived _ 
for the improvement and extenfion of this” 
city, and fome progreis was even made in 
their execution. — 
ter the peace of 1763, that the old edifices 
began to be generaliy renovated, and the 
city to be extended to the north and the 
fouth over more than twice that compafs of 
ground which it had fo Jeng irregularly. 
' covered. 
American war, the fpirit of building con=_ 
During the mil” 
Tili the commencement of the 
timued to prevail here. 
fortunes of that war, it languifhed. It 
was revived upon the return of peace. 
epee 
~ 
From the wera of the. inftitution of | 
the Court of Seffion, and its permanent * 
But, it was not till af-_- 
e 
9 
1 
