500 State of Arts, Manners, Se. 
ally great. Youre perfons between eight, 
and’twenty years of age generally enjoy 
good health here. For children between 
birth and feven or eight years of age, it 
appears from many inftances within my 
knowledge to be a very infalutary fitua- 
tion. Neither fmall-pox nor meafles is, 
here, exceedingly mortal. But, chin- 
cough, colds, putrid fevers, confumptions, 
&c. make extraordinary havock among 
children in intancy, and the latter even 
upwards to the ages of feventeen and five- 
and-twenty years. Rheumatifm, much 
exafperated by the frequent prevalence of 
eaft winds, is extremely affliftive to almoft 
all perfons of all ranks, after the decline 
of life begins. 
How is this large population of 105,000 
fouls fuftained ? 
A part of them pofflefs Jands in the 
country, szoney in the public funds, or pro- 
perty in the Eaft and Weft Indies, out of 
which capitals, or the annual produce 
from them, the expences of their living 
are defrayed. It is probably between 
_ 200,000l. and 300,000]. of the annual re- 
‘vemues of the inhabitants that comes thus 
in. In this eftimate, I include only the 
incomes of perfons living here upon their 
fortunes, and to their amufements; ex- 
prefsly excluding that of the ftudents at 
the Univerfity, of which I fhall afterwards 
more particularly fpeak, Many of the 
gentry of Scotland, whofe fortunes will 
not bear the expeace of yearly journies to 
and from Lendon, and who yet like the 
fociety and amuiements of a great town, 
chufe, of courfe, to fpend here one half or 
two-thirds of the year. Many gentlemen’s 
families come to Edinburgh for the pur- 
pofe of uniting, in regard to the children, 
the benefits of a domeftic with thefe of a 
public education. Many gentlemen ad- 
vanced in years, after ferving in the army, 
_er making fortunes abroad in trade, come 
‘to pafs the autumn of life in this city, ra- 
ther than either in London or in remote 
rural retirement, on account of its advan- 
tages of fociety, quiet and agreeable ac- 
commodation, with all the luxuries of 
life and all the elegant amufements. It 
is common alfo for widow ladies with 
fmall but not incempetent joimtures to 
retire to Edinburgh for the fake of fo- 
’ ciety, as perfons of the fame clafs and 
rank in life are wort in England to re- 
tire to Bath. Such are they who live, in 
the Scottifn capital, on independeat in- 
comes derived from other places. 
A number alfo of the gentlemen’s fa- 
milies in this town enjoy places under 
‘ Government, the duties of which are to 
in Bdinburgh and Leith, [Jans Ay 
be here executed, and on the emoluments 
of which they live. The Commander in 
Chief of the forces for Scotland, the Lieu- 
tenant-governor of the Caftle, the foldiers 
of the Caftle, and of certain barracks 
erected fince the beginning of the war, 
ata place named Jock’s Lodge, at the 
fouth-eaft extremity of the town, experd 
a good deal of money in Edinburgh for 
their fubfiftence. The Judges and in- 
ferior ofticers of the Courts of Seffion and 
Exchequer; the Commiffioners of the 
Boards of Excife and Cuftoms, with the 
inferior perfons ferving in Edinburgh and 
Leith on thefe eftablifhments; the officers . 
belonging to the departments of the Lord 
Clerk Regifter, to the Stamp-office, the 
the Tax-office, Poft-office, and _ the. 
Herald’s Office ; with a few who belong 
to the eftablifhment of the Royal Houfe- 
hold, and a few enjoying honorary or 
eleemofynary penfions from the Crown; 
may all be reckoned to defray the expences 
of their-living here, out of the revenues 
they receive from Government, chi 
for the difcharge of official daties. The 
whole fm thus contributed out of the 
common revenue of the ftate towards the 
fupport of perfons refident in Edinbursh, 
cannot, I fhould think, be lefs than 
100,000l. fterling. The exaét amount F 
do not, at this moment, know. But it 
may be, without great difficulty, afcer=  . 
tained. tesa 
Another part of the inhabitants of this 
place fubfift upon their incomes as prac- 
tittoncrs im the law.  Thefe are, befide 
the judges already mentioned, advocates, 
writers to the fignet, agents, folicitors 
before the inferior Courts, apprentices and 
hired clerks, &c. Thefe different claffes 
of perfons in the profeffion of the law may 
draw from the whole country, profeffion- 
ally, for their fubfiftence, a grofs annual 
fum of perhaps 130,000l. ferling. Few 
or none derive, for a fingle individual, an 
yearly income from their bufinefs of more 
than zoool. a year. The writers to the ~ 
fignet are thofe who gain the moft. ° ~~ 
~The perfons belonging to the Univer- 
fity, the High School, and the other efta- 
blifhments for education, profeffors, maf 
ters, and ftudents may have, in all, an 
income of about 1oo;cool. a year. Of 
this, about 60,000]. may confift of allow+ 
ances by parents and others to the ftudents 
froni the country and from foreign parts. | 
The number of the findents is, at an 
average, abeut one thoufand two hundred. 
‘No ttudent can attend a fetion of between 
fix and feven months at this Univerfity ag 
a fmaller expence than 2ol. - The medium 
expence. 
_— 
